Cryosphere glossary

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P R S T U V W Y Z

lithometer

general term for dry atmospheric suspensoids, including dust, haze, smoke and sand.

little ice age

a period of cooling that started around the early 14th century, peaked in the 17th century, and ended in the mid-19th century, and was marked by expanding glaciers in Europe, North America, and Asia

long-term strength

the failure strength of a material after a long period of creep deformation.

longwave radiation

heat radiation with wavelengths greater than 4 millimeters.

low

area of low pressure in the atmosphere.

low-center polygon

an ice-wedge polygon in which thawing of ice-rich permafrost has left the central area in a relatively depressed position.

low-level clouds

clouds in the lower region of the atmosphere, from ground level to 6500 feet (2000 meters); includes stratus, stratocumulus, the bases of cumulus and cumulonimbus, and sometimes nimbostratus clouds.

luminous pillars

white or sometimes reddish vertical streaks of light extending from above and below the sun; they are caused by light reflected off the mirror-like surfaces of ice; most commonly seen at sunrise and sunset.