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Learn
What is the Cryosphere?
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Cryosphere Glossary
mean annual ground-surface temperature (MAGST)
mean annual ground-surface temperature (MAGST)
mean annual temperature of the surface of the ground.
Topic(s):
frozen ground or permafrost
News & Analyses
News & Stories
Scientific Analyses
About our Analyses
Sea Ice Today (formerly ASINA)
Ice Sheets Today
Snow Today
Multimedia
Data
Explore Data
Visualize Data
Submit Data
Submit NASA Data to NSIDC DAAC
Submit Data to Other NSIDC Programs
User Resources
Get Started with Data
Data Announcements
Help Center
Data Tools
Documents
Levels of service
NASA Earthdata Forum
Data Programs
About our Programs
NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center (NSIDC DAAC)
NOAA at NSIDC
Exchange for Observations and Local Knowledge of the Arctic (ELOKA)
Data Policies
Our Research
Learn
What is the Cryosphere?
Parts of the Cryosphere
Arctic Weather & Climate
Frozen Ground & Permafrost
Glaciers
Ice Sheets
Ice Shelves
Sea Ice
Snow
Ask a Scientist
Cryosphere glossary
About
About NSIDC
What we do
Our People
Published Research
Our History
Diversity, Equity & Inclusion
Careers
For the Media
Contact Us
Citation Policies
Web Policy
Land Acknowledgement