This data set consists of permafrost measurements taken in Central Asia and Mongolia during the summer seasons of 1974, 1977, and 1978. The study regions have a cold continental climate that is favorable for the development of continuous permafrost in the upper altitudes, and discontinuous permafrost in the lower altitudes which are exposed to the south. The Mongolian mountain areas near the southern boundary of permafrost are shaped by cryogenic processes, forming cryoplanation terraces, active solifluction valleys, cryopediments and solifluction cirques.