This data set is comprised of water and ice chemistry parameters from areas of massive ground ice in Kolguev Island and Svalbard in the west to Chukotka Peninsula in the east. Water, snow, and ice from different sources (e.g., lakes, rain, atmospheric precipitation, snow, snow patches, modern glaciers, lake ice, ground ice of different origin) were tested, as well as the enclosing deposits. Routine chemical analysis of ion composition, microelement (rare earth elements) analyses, and stable isotopes composition (O-18, D, C-13, S-34) were carried out. Microbal activity was determined. Ice petrography was studied with photos. Video-, photo- and topographic surveys of the study sections were undertaken.