<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-13T13:55:59Z</responseDate><request identifier="NSIDC-0116.003" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/NSIDC-0116.003</identifier><datestamp>2026-03-03T21:03:58Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_daac</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>retired</setSpec><setSpec>nasa_nsidc_daac</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>NSIDC-0116.003</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Tschudi, M., Fowler, C., Maslanik, J., Stewart, J. S. &amp; Meier, W. N.</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>2016-03-01</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NASA NSIDC DAAC: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>3</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.5067/O57VAIT2AYYY</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nsidc-0116-v003-userguide_0.pdf</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>NSIDC-0116</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Mark</First_Name><Last_Name>Tschudi</Last_Name><Email>mark.tschudi@colorado.edu</Email><Contact_Address><Address>431 UCB
</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>Colorado</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0431</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Charles</First_Name><Last_Name>Fowler</Last_Name><Contact_Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Walter</First_Name><Middle_Name>N</Middle_Name><Last_Name>Meier</Last_Name><Email>walt@nsidc.org</Email><Contact_Address><City>Boudler</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>CRYOSPHERE</Topic><Term>SNOW/ICE</Term><Variable_Level_1>ICE VELOCITY</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>CRYOSPHERE</Topic><Term>SEA ICE</Term><Variable_Level_1>SEA ICE MOTION</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>OCEANS</Topic><Term>OCEAN WINDS</Term><Variable_Level_1>SURFACE WINDS</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>AMSR-E</Keyword><Keyword>AVHRR</Keyword><Keyword>Buoys</Keyword><Keyword>DAAC</Keyword><Keyword>EASE-Grid-project</Keyword><Keyword>EASE-Grid Sea Ice-project</Keyword><Keyword>EOSDIS</Keyword><Keyword>Gridded</Keyword><Keyword>Gridded Data</Keyword><Keyword>Ice Motion</Keyword><Keyword>NASA</Keyword><Keyword>NASA Pathfinder</Keyword><Keyword>NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data</Keyword><Keyword>NOAA/NASA Pathfinder</Keyword><Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword><Keyword>Passive Microwave</Keyword><Keyword>Passive Microwave Data</Keyword><Keyword>Remote Sensing</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Motion</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice PM Other-project</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Prediction Network-project</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Velocity</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Surface Wind Speeds</Keyword><Keyword>SMMR</Keyword><Keyword>SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS-project</Keyword><Keyword>SMMR/SSMIS EASE Snow&amp;Ice-project</Keyword><Keyword>SSM/I</Keyword><Keyword>SSMIS</Keyword><Keyword>Surface Winds</Keyword><Keyword>wind velocity as vectors</Keyword><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>AMSR-E</Short_Name><Long_Name>Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>AVHRR</Short_Name><Long_Name>Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>DRIFTING BUOYS</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SMMR</Short_Name><Long_Name>Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SSM/I</Short_Name><Long_Name>Special Sensor Microwave/Imager</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SSMIS</Short_Name><Long_Name>Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>AQUA</Short_Name><Long_Name>Earth Observing System, AQUA</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>BUOYS</Short_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F11</Short_Name><Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F13</Short_Name><Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F8</Short_Name><Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>DMSP 5D-3/F17</Short_Name><Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>NOAA-11</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration-11</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>NOAA-12</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration-12</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>NOAA-14</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration-14</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>NOAA-9</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration-9</Long_Name></Source_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>Nimbus-7</Short_Name><Long_Name>Nimbus-7</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1978-10-25</Start_Date><Stop_Date>2017-02-28</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>deprecated</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>48.4</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>-90</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>-53.2028</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category><Location_Type>ARCTIC OCEAN</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category><Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type></Location><Data_Resolution><Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>1 month</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Data_Resolution><Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>1 day</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Data_Resolution><Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>7 day</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Quality>Quality information for this data set varies by sensor. Refer to the data set guide documentation for accuracy estimates of ice motion from each type of sensor.</Quality><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NASA NSIDC DAAC</Short_Name><Long_Name>NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>https://nsidc.org/daac</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>29 - 36 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>PNG</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>604 - 764 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>Binary</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>14 - 319 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>521 - 712 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>PSD</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, J. C. Comiso, and H. J. Zwally. 1999. Deriving long-term time series of sea ice cover from satellite passive-microwave multisensor data sets, J. Geophys. Res., 104(C7), 15803-15814, doi:10.1029/1999JC900081.

Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, and H. J. Zwally. 1996, updated yearly. Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 1. [indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center. http://dx.doi.org/10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL. 

Cracknell, A. 1997. The Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer. London: Taylor and Francis.

Emery, W., C. Fowler, and J. Maslanik. 1995. Satellite Remote Sensing of Ice Motion, in Oceanographic Applications of Remote Sensing, ed. Motoyoshi Ikeda and Frederic W. Dobson. CRC Press, Boca Raton.

Isaaks, E., and R. M. Srivastava. 1989. An Introduction to Applied Geostatistics. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 77, 437&#x2013;471.

Kidwell, K. 1995. NOAA Polar Orbiter Data User's Guide. U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NESDIS.

Krasnopolsky, V. M., L. C. Breaker, and W. H. Gemmill. 1995. A Neural Network as a Nonlinear Transfer Function Model for Retrieving Surface Wind Speeds from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100(C6), 11,033&#x2013;11,045. PDF

Maslanik, J., C. Fowler, J. Key, T. Scambos, T. Hutchinson, and W. Emery. 1998. AVHRR-based Polar Pathfinder Products for Modeling Applications. Annals of Glaciology 25:388-392

Rosborough, G., D. Baldwin, and W. Emery. 1994. Precise AVHRR Image Navigation. IEEE Transactions in Geosciences and Remote Sensing 32(3):644-657.

Schweiger, A., C. Fowler, J. Key, J. Maslanik, J. Francis, R. Armstrong, M. J. Brodzik, T. Scambos, T. Haran, M. Ortmeyer, S. Khalsa, D. Rothrock, and R. Weaver. 1999. P-Cube: A Multisensor Data Set for Polar Climate Research. Proceedings on the 5th Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, American Meteorological Society, Dallas, TX, 15-20 Jan., 136-141.

Thorndike, A. S., and R. Colony. 1982. Sea Ice Motion in Response to Geostrophic Winds. J. Geophys. Res. 87(C8):5845&#x2013;5852, doi:10.1029/JC087iC08p05845.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>This data set provides daily sea ice motion vectors derived from a wide variety of sensors in both gridded and non-gridded (raw) files. For the gridded data, weekly and monthly mean fields are also provided for the entire time series&#x2014;from November 1978 through May 2015. Browse images of these mean fields are also available.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nsidc-0116-v003-userguide_0.pdf</URL><Description>Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors, Version 3 User Guide</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://nsidc.org/data/ease</URL><Description>EASE-Grid Data </Description></Related_URL><IDN_Node><Short_Name>USA/NASA</Short_Name></IDN_Node><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>2016-03-01</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-03-03</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value>&lt;ul&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Eliminated unrealistic AVHRR and  IABP buoy velocities&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Improved browse images&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Reprocessed SSMI fields using GDAL map transformations on the DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures Data Set, NSIDC-0001&lt;/li&gt;
          &lt;li&gt;Used the Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data Set, NSIDC-0051, to mask ice extent&lt;/li&gt;
        &lt;/ul&gt;</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>No Data Access</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>Tschudi, M., Fowler, C., Maslanik, J., Stewart, J. S. &amp; Meier, W. N. (2016). &lt;i&gt;Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors&lt;/i&gt;. (NSIDC-0116, Version 3). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/O57VAIT2AYYY"&gt;https://doi.org/10.5067/O57VAIT2AYYY&lt;/a&gt;. [&lt;i&gt;&lt;describe subset used if applicable&gt;&lt;/i&gt;].</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Retired</Name><Value>true</Value></Metadata></Extended_Metadata></DIF>
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