<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-17T17:10:46Z</responseDate><request identifier="NISE.004" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/NISE.004</identifier><datestamp>2026-05-11T23:02:39Z</datestamp><setSpec>cumulus</setSpec><setSpec>nasa_nsidc_daac</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>NISE.004</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Near-Real-Time SSM/I-SSMIS EASE-Grid Daily Global Ice Concentration and Snow Extent</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Nolin, A. W., Armstrong, R. &amp; Maslanik, J.</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Near-Real-Time SSM/I-SSMIS EASE-Grid Daily Global Ice Concentration and Snow Extent</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>1998-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NASA NSIDC DAAC: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>4</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.5067/VF7QO90IHZ99</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nise-v005-userguide_includesv3_0.pdf</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>NISE</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>CRYOSPHERE</Topic><Term>SEA ICE</Term><Variable_Level_1>SEA ICE CONCENTRATION</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>CRYOSPHERE</Topic><Term>SNOW/ICE</Term><Variable_Level_1>SNOW COVER</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>Antarctic</Keyword><Keyword>Arctic</Keyword><Keyword>DAAC</Keyword><Keyword>ECS</Keyword><Keyword>EOSDIS</Keyword><Keyword>Global</Keyword><Keyword>Global Change</Keyword><Keyword>Gridded Data</Keyword><Keyword>HDF-EOS</Keyword><Keyword>Hierarchical Data Format</Keyword><Keyword>Ice</Keyword><Keyword>Ice Concentration</Keyword><Keyword>NASA</Keyword><Keyword>Near Real-time</Keyword><Keyword>NISE</Keyword><Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword><Keyword>Passive Microwave</Keyword><Keyword>Polar</Keyword><Keyword>Remote Sensing</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Concentration</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Extent</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice PM EASE-project</Keyword><Keyword>SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS-project</Keyword><Keyword>SMMR/SSMIS EASE Snow&amp;Ice-project</Keyword><Keyword>Snow</Keyword><Keyword>Snow Extent</Keyword><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SSMIS</Short_Name><Long_Name>Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>DMSP 5D-3/F17</Short_Name><Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>2009-08-17</Start_Date><Stop_Date>2026-01-16</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>-90</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category><Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>NORTHERN HEMISPHERE</Location_Type></Location><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>SOUTHERN HEMISPHERE</Location_Type></Location><Data_Resolution><Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>1 day</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Quality>Notice (04/21/2016): On 04/05/2016 a change in the solar panel position to shade the nitrogen tank on board the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F-17 satellite was made. In doing so, the integrity of the vertically polarized 37 GHz channel (37V) of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Sounder (SSMIS) was compromised. This is a primary channel used in the NISE processing. On 04/13/16 an additional change in the solar panel position was made. This change improved the problems we were seeing in the 37V GHz channel for data from April 13 to April 19; however, on April 20, the 37V GHz channel started to produce bad data again. Thus, data from April 20, 2016 onward should not be used until further notice.</Quality><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible, provided that you are logged into your NASA Earthdata profile (https://urs.earthdata.nasa.gov/).</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/use_copyright.html. For more information on the NASA EOSDIS Data Use Policy, see https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/data-use-policy. Near-real-time data provide an estimate of conditions based on information and algorithms available at the time the data are collected (typically within 24 hours). They are processed as data become available, and are not reviewed prior to release. Data may be replaced or removed without notice, and generally will not be reprocessed to correct or remove erroneous data, or to fill in missing data that may become available.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Originating_Center>NASA NSIDC DAAC</Originating_Center><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NASA NSIDC DAAC</Short_Name><Long_Name>NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>https://nsidc.org/daac</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Format>HDF-EOS2</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Armstrong, R. L. and M. J. Brodzik. 2002. Hemispheric-Scale Comparison and Evaluation of Passive-Microwave Snow Algorithms. Annals of Glaciology 34: 38-44. 

Armstrong, R. L. and M. J. Brodzik. 2001. Recent Northern Hemisphere Snow Extent: A Comparison of Data Derived from Visible and Microwave Satellite Sensors. Geophysical Research Letters 28(19): 3673-3676.

Armstrong, R. L., and M. J. Brodzik. 1995. An Earth-Gridded SSM/I Data Set for Cryospheric Studies and Global Change Monitoring. Advances in Space Research 16: 155-63.

Brodzik, M. J. 1998. The EASE-Grid, A Versatile Set of Equal-Area Projections and Grids. Unpublished report to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA.

Cavalieri, D. J., C. l. Parkinson, P. Gloersen, J. C. Comiso, and H. J. Zwally. 1999. Deriving Long-Term Time Series of Sea Ice Cover from Satellite Passive-Microwave Multisensor Data Sets. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(7): 15,803-15,814.

Cavalieri, D. J., J. Crawford, M. Drinkwater, W. J. Emery, D. T. Eppler, L. D. Farmer, M. Goodberlet, R. Jentz, A. Milman, C. Morris, R. Onstott, A. Schweiger, R. Shuchman, K. Steffen, C. T. Swift, C. Wackerman, and R. L. Weaver. 1992. NASA Sea Ice Validation Program for the DMSP SSM/I: Final Report. NASA Technical Memorandum 104559. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Washington, D. C. 126 pages.

Cavalieri, D. J., P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell. 1984. Determination of Sea Ice Parameters With the Nimbus 7 SMMR. Journal of Geophysical Research 89(D4): 5355-69.

Chang, A. T. C., J. L. Foster, and D. K. Hall. 1987. Nimbus-7 SMMR Derived Global Snow Cover Parameters. Annals of Glaciology 9: 39-44.

Goodison, B. E. 1989. Determination of Areal Snow Water Equivalent on the Canadian Prairies Using Passive Microwave Satellite Data. IGARRS '89 Proceedings 3:1243-6.

Hollinger, J . P., R. C. Lo, G . A. Poe, R. Savage, and J . L. Peirce, 1987. Special Sensor Microwave/Imager User's Guide. Washington, D.C.: Naval Research Laboratory.

Knowles, K. 1992. Points, pixels, grids, and cells: A mapping and gridding primer. Unpublished report to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, Colorado USA.

Knowles, K. 2004. EASE-Grid Land Cover Classifications from Boston University MODIS/Terra Land Cover Data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. http://dx.doi:10.5067/J0CJG7RZW3IJ.

NSIDC User's Guide. 1996. DMSP SSM/I Brightness Temperatures and Sea Ice Concentration Grids for the Polar Regions. 2d ed. NSIDC/DAAC, Boulder, Colorado USA.

Schwerdtfeger, W. 1976. Climate of Central and South America. World Survey of Climatology 12. New York: Elsevier Scientific Publishing.

Swift, C. T., and D. J. Cavalieri. 1985. Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Sea Ice Research. EOS 66(49): 1210-2.

Wentz, F. J. 1992. Production of SSM/I data sets. NASA Final Report. Contract NAS8-38075.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>The Near-real-time Ice and Snow Extent (NISE) data set provides daily, global maps of sea ice concentrations and snow extent. These data are not suitable for time series, anomalies, or trends analyses. They are meant to provide a best estimate of current ice and snow conditions based on information and algorithms available at the time the data are acquired. Near-real-time products are not intended for operational use in assessing sea ice conditions for navigation. 

This NISE Version 4 product contains DMSP-F17, SSMIS-derived sea ice concentrations and snow extents derived from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) F17 satellite. For DMSP-F16, SSMIS-derived data, see &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/JAQDJKPX0S60"&gt; NISE Version 3&lt;/a&gt;. For DMSP-F18, SSMIS-derived data, see &lt;a href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5067/3KB2JPLFPK3R"&gt;NISE Version 5&lt;/a&gt;. For the older, DMSP-F13, Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) derived data, see &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/4FSODMDM1WEJ"&gt;NISE Version 2&lt;/a&gt;.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nise-v005-userguide_includesv3_0.pdf</URL><Description>Near-Real-Time SSM/I-SSMIS EASE-Grid Daily Global Ice Concentration and Snow Extent, Version 4 User Guide</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search/granules?p=C3177837525-NSIDC_CPRD</URL><Description>Earthdata Search</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/C3177837525-NSIDC_CPRD</URL><Description>HTTPS</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://nsidc.org/data/data-access-tool/NISE/versions/4/</URL><Description>Data Access Tool</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://earthaccess.readthedocs.io/en/stable/</URL><Description>earthaccess</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://nsidc.org/data/seaice/</URL></Related_URL><IDN_Node><Short_Name>USA/NASA</Short_Name></IDN_Node><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>1998-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-05-11</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value>&lt;ul&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;Updated metadata field values for PGEVERSION (collection level remains Version 4)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt; Removed 15% sea ice concentration threshold that assigned pixels
        with a sea ice concentration of &amp;lt;15% as ocean (data value of 255)&lt;/li&gt;
    &lt;li&gt;Reprocessed NISE Version 4 to include sea ice concentration values of 1-14%&lt;/li&gt;  
    &lt;/ul&gt;
    &lt;p&gt;This revision is an update to NISE Version 4. All Version 4 data (17 August 2009 - present) have been reprocessed with this system. &lt;/p&gt;</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Spatial Reference Systems</Name><Value><Spatial_Reference_System><SRID>EPSG:3408</SRID><Description>NSIDC EASE-Grid North</Description></Spatial_Reference_System><Spatial_Reference_System><SRID>EPSG:3409</SRID><Description>NSIDC EASE-Grid South</Description></Spatial_Reference_System></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>Comprehensive</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>Nolin, A. W., Armstrong, R. &amp; Maslanik, J. (1998). &lt;i&gt;Near-Real-Time SSM/I-SSMIS EASE-Grid Daily Global Ice Concentration and Snow Extent&lt;/i&gt;. (NISE, Version 4). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. 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Copyright (c) 2021 Luis Lopez

Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
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SOFTWARE.</LicenseText></UseConstraints><LastUpdatedDate>2024-02-29T00:00:00.000Z</LastUpdatedDate><AccessConstraints>As a condition of use, we request that you properly cite the earthaccess library to acknowledge the creators.  Formal citations also make it easier for us to track the use and impact of our data and tools, and helps us report data distribution activity and tool usage metrics to funding agencies.

If you have used earthaccess in your research, please cite as:

Barrett, A., Battisto, C., Bourbeau, J., Fisher, M., Kaufman, D., Kennedy, J., Lopez, L., Lowndes, J., Scheick, J., &amp; Steiker, A. (2024). earthaccess (Version 0.9.0) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365009

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