<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-11T19:20:24Z</responseDate><request identifier="G01170.001" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/G01170.001</identifier><datestamp>2026-01-05T15:17:10Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_other</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>noaa</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>G01170.001</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Former Soviet Union Hydrological Snow Surveys, 1966-1996</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Krenke, A. (National Snow and Ice Data Center (Ed.))</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Former Soviet Union Hydrological Snow Surveys, 1966-1996</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>1998-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>1</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.7265/N58C9T60</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N58C9T60</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>G01170</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Richard</First_Name><Last_Name>Armstrong</Last_Name><Email>rlax@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>Colorado</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Alexander</First_Name><Last_Name>Krenke</Last_Name><Email>climat@glas.apr.org</Email><Phone>7- 095 923-28-89</Phone><Fax>7- 095 938-21-73</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography</Address><Address>Laboratory of Dynamical and Historical Climatology</Address><Address>Staromonetny 29</Address><Address>Moscow, 109017</Address><Address>Russia</Address><Country/></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Cover</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW COVER</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Cover</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW COVER</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Density</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DENSITY</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Density</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DENSITY</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Depth</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DEPTH</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Depth</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DEPTH</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Water Equivalent</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Water Equivalent</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SNOW MEASURING ROD</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>WET/DRY PRECIPITATION SAMPLERS</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name><Long_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1966-01-10</Start_Date><Stop_Date>1996-12-31</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>35</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>80</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>30</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Eastern Europe</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Russia</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location>Former Soviet Union</Detailed_Location></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Geographic Region</Location_Category><Location_Type>Polar</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Data_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>Varies</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>Varies</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Quality>The Former Soviet Union Hydrological Snow Surveys underwent a quality control process at NSIDC. This process involved examination of values with regards to normal climatological values and various bounding values. The dataset was also examined for individual record consistency.</Quality><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible without restrictions.</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/use_copyright.html.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NOAA</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NOAA</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>45 MB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference/><Summary><Abstract>The Former Soviet Union Hydrological Snow Surveys are based on observations made by personnel at 1,345 sites throughout the Former Soviet Union between 1966 and 1990, and over 200 of those sites between 1991 and 1996. These observations include snow depths at World Meteorological Organization (WMO) stations and snow depth and snow water equivalent measured over a nearby snow course transect. The station snow depth measurements are a ten-day average of individual snow depth measurements. The transect snow depth data are the spatial average of 100 to 200 individual measuring points. The transect snow water equivalent is the spatial average of 20 individual measuring points. Data were acquired from the Institute of Geography, Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, and data were digitized in Russia under the supervision of Professor Alexander Krenke.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N58C9T60</URL><Description>Documentation</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/NOAA/G01170/</URL><Description>HTTPS</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://nsidc.org/data/swe</URL><Description>Snow Water Equivalent Field Measurements</Description></Related_URL><IDN_Node><Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name></IDN_Node><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>1998-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-01-05</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Update Frequency</Name><Value>updated 2004</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Current Version</Name><Value>1</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>Standard</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>Krenke, A. (1998). &lt;i&gt;Former Soviet Union Hydrological Snow Surveys, 1966-1996&lt;/i&gt;. (G01170, Version 1). National Snow and Ice Data Center (Ed.) [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.7265/N58C9T60"&gt;https://doi.org/10.7265/N58C9T60&lt;/a&gt;. [&lt;i&gt;&lt;describe subset used if applicable&gt;&lt;/i&gt;].</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Retired</Name><Value>false</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Related Services</Name><Value><umm-s><meta><format>application/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+json</format><deleted>false</deleted><user-id>jroebuck</user-id><native-id>mmt_service_32962</native-id><concept-id>S2721063021-NSIDCV0</concept-id><provider-id>NSIDCV0</provider-id><revision-id>1</revision-id><concept-type>service</concept-type><revision-date>2023-06-27T14:22:11.750Z</revision-date></meta><umm><URL><URLValue>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/</URLValue></URL><Name>NSIDCV0_NOAA_Data_HTTPS_File_System</Name><Type>NOT PROVIDED</Type><Version>1</Version><LongName>NOAA@NSIDC HTTPS File System</LongName><Description>Access and download NOAA@NSIDC data using a web browser, or through a command line utility such as WGET, or using programming languages such as R or Python.</Description><RelatedURLs><RelatedURL><URL>https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/how-access-and-download-noaansidc-data</URL><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type><Description>NOAA@NSIDC HTTPS Access Guide</Description><URLContentType>PublicationURL</URLContentType></RelatedURL></RelatedURLs><ContactGroups><ContactGroup><Roles><Role>USER SERVICES</Role></Roles><GroupName>NSIDC User Services</GroupName><ContactInformation><ContactMechanisms><ContactMechanism><Type>Email</Type><Value>nsidc@nsidc.org</Value></ContactMechanism></ContactMechanisms></ContactInformation></ContactGroup></ContactGroups><ServiceKeywords><ServiceKeyword><ServiceTerm>DATA ACCESS/RETRIEVAL</ServiceTerm><ServiceTopic>DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING</ServiceTopic><ServiceCategory>EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES</ServiceCategory></ServiceKeyword></ServiceKeywords><VersionDescription>This is the most current release of this service.</VersionDescription><ServiceOrganizations><ServiceOrganization><Roles><Role>AUTHOR</Role><Role>DEVELOPER</Role><Role>PUBLISHER</Role><Role>SERVICE PROVIDER</Role></Roles><LongName>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Snow and Ice Data Center</LongName><ShortName>NSIDC_NOAA</ShortName></ServiceOrganization></ServiceOrganizations><MetadataSpecification><URL>https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/service/v1.4</URL><Name>UMM-S</Name><Version>1.4</Version></MetadataSpecification></umm></umm-s><nsidc><URLValue>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/NOAA/G01170/</URLValue></nsidc></Value></Metadata></Extended_Metadata></DIF>
</metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>