<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-08-07T01:04:23Z</responseDate><request identifier="NSIDC-0423.001" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/NSIDC-0423.001</identifier><datestamp>2026-06-29T16:41:14Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_daac</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>nasa_nsidc_daac</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>NSIDC-0423.001</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Locations and Characteristics from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Serreze, M. C.</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Locations and Characteristics from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>2009-11-19</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NASA NSIDC DAAC: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>1</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.5067/XEPCLZKPAJBK</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nsidc-0423-v001-userguide.pdf</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>NSIDC-0423</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>ATMOSPHERE</Topic><Term>ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE</Term><Variable_Level_1>ANTICYCLONES/CYCLONES</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>ATMOSPHERE</Topic><Term>ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE</Term><Variable_Level_1>DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>ATMOSPHERE</Topic><Term>ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE</Term><Variable_Level_1>PRESSURE TENDENCY</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>ATMOSPHERE</Topic><Term>ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE</Term><Variable_Level_1>SEA LEVEL PRESSURE</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable> </Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>Arctic</Keyword><Keyword>Arctic Ocean</Keyword><Keyword>Cyclogenesis</Keyword><Keyword>Cyclolysis</Keyword><Keyword>Cyclones</Keyword><Keyword>Laplacian Pressure</Keyword><Keyword>NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data</Keyword><Keyword>NSIDC DAAC</Keyword><Keyword>NSIDC &gt; National Snow and Ice Data Center</Keyword><Keyword>Pressure</Keyword><Keyword>Pressure Tendency</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Level Pressure</Keyword><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1958-01-01</Start_Date><Stop_Date>2016-12-31</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>0</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category><Location_Type>NORTHERN HEMISPHERE</Location_Type></Location><Data_Resolution><Latitude_Resolution>250 km</Latitude_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>250 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>6 hour</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible, provided that you are logged into your NASA Earthdata profile (https://urs.earthdata.nasa.gov/).</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at&#xA0;https://nsidc.org/about/data-use-and-copyright. For more information on the NASA ESDIS Data Use Guidance, see&#xA0;https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-software-policies/data-use-guidance.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Originating_Center>NASA NSIDC DAAC</Originating_Center><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NASA NSIDC DAAC</Short_Name><Long_Name>NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>https://nsidc.org/daac</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>HTTPS</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>150 MB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Armstrong, R. L., and M. J. Brodzik. 1995. An Earth-Gridded SSM/I Data Set for Cryospheric Studies and Global Change Monitoring. Advances in Space Research 16: 155-63.

Kalnay, E., M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven, L. Gandin, M. Iredell, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, Y. Zhu, A. Leetmaa, R. Reynolds, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, W. Higgins, J. Janowiak, K. Mo, C. Ropelewski, J. Wang, R. Jenne, and D. Joseph. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 77: 437&#x2013;471.

Kistler, R., E. Kalnay, W. Collins, S. Saha, G. White, J. Woollen, M. Chelliah, W. Ebisuzaki, M. Kanamitsu, V. Kousky, H. van den Dool, R. Jenne, and M. Fiorino. 2001. The NCEP-NCAR 50-Year Reanalysis: Monthly Means CD-ROM and Documentation. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 82: 247-268. doi: 10.1175/1520-0477(2001)082&lt;0247:TNNYRM&gt;2.3.CO;2.

Krasnopolsky, V. M., L. C. Breaker, and W. H. Gemmill. 1995. A Neural Network as a Nonlinear Transfer Function Model for Retrieving Surface Wind Speeds from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager. Journal of Geophysical Research 100(C6): 11,033&#x2013;11,045. PDF

Murray, Ross J., and Ian Simmonds. 1991. A numerical scheme for tracking cyclone centres from digital data. Part 1: development and operation of the scheme. Australian Meteorological Magazine 39(3): 155-166. PDF

Roebber, Paul J. 1989. On the statistical analysis of cyclone deepening rates. Monthly Weather Review 117(10): 2293-2298. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117&lt;2293:OTSAOC&gt;2.0.CO;2.

Sanders, Frederick, and John R. Gyakum. 1980. Synoptic-Dynamic Climatology of the &#x201C;Bomb." Monthly Weather Review 108(10): 1589-1606. doi: 10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108&lt;1589:SDCOT&gt;2.0.CO;2.

Serreze, M. C., and A. P. Barrett. 2008. The Summer Cyclone Maximum over the Central Arctic Ocean. Journal of Climate 21: 1048&#x2013;1065. doi: ,a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2007JCLI1810.1"&gt;10.1175/2007JCLI1810.1.

Serreze, M. C., A. H. Lynch, and M. P. Clark. 2001. The Arctic Frontal Zone as Seen in the NCEP&#x2013;NCAR Reanalysis. Journal of Climate 14(7): 1550&#x2013;1567. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014&lt;1550:TAFZAS&gt;2.0.CO;2.

Serreze, M. C., F. Carse, R. G. Barry, and J. C. Rogers. 1997. Icelandic Low Cyclone Activity: Climatological Features, Linkages with the NAO, and Relationships with Recent Changes in the Northern Hemisphere Circulation. Journal of Climate, 10, 453&#x2013;464. doi: 10.1175/1520-0442(1997)010&lt;0453:ILCACF&gt;2.0.CO;2.

Serreze, M. C. 1995. Climatological Aspects of Cyclone Development and Decay in the Arctic. Atmospheric-Ocean 33(1): 1-23. PDF

Serreze, M. C. 2009. Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Locations and Characteristics from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

Tsukernik, M., D. N. Kindig, and M. C. Serreze. 2007. Characteristics of Winter Cyclone Activity in the Northern North Atlantic: Insights from Observations and Regional Modeling. Journal of Geophysical Research 112(d3): D03101. doi: 10.1029/2006JD007184.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>This data set comprises a 58-year record of daily extratropical cyclone statistics computed for the Northern Hemisphere. Cyclone locations and characteristics were obtained by applying the updated Serreze (1997) algorithm to daily Sea Level Pressure (SLP) data at six-hour intervals (Serreze and Barrett 2008). The SLP source data are part of the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) and National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) Reanalysis data set, an assimilation of various atmospheric data collected by a wide variety of sensors within a global weather model.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/nsidc-0423-v001-userguide.pdf</URL><Description>Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Locations and Characteristics from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data, Version 1 User Guide</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://daacdata.apps.nsidc.org/pub/DATASETS/atmosphere/nsidc0423_cyclone_ncep_ncar_reanalysis/</URL><Description>HTTPS</Description></Related_URL><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>2009-11-19</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2026-06-29</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value>Initial release</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Current Version</Name><Value>1</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Spatial Reference Systems</Name><Value><Spatial_Reference_System><SRID>N/A</SRID><Description>N/A</Description></Spatial_Reference_System></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>Standard</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>Serreze, M. C. (2009). &lt;i&gt;Northern Hemisphere Cyclone Locations and Characteristics from NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis Data&lt;/i&gt;. (NSIDC-0423, Version 1). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/XEPCLZKPAJBK"&gt;https://doi.org/10.5067/XEPCLZKPAJBK&lt;/a&gt;. [&lt;i&gt;&lt;describe subset used if applicable&gt;&lt;/i&gt;].</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Retired</Name><Value>false</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Related Services</Name><Value><umm-s><meta><format>application/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+json</format><deleted>false</deleted><user-id>amyygilliland</user-id><native-id>mmt_service_12717</native-id><concept-id>S1977897447-NSIDCV0</concept-id><provider-id>NSIDCV0</provider-id><revision-id>6</revision-id><concept-type>service</concept-type><revision-date>2025-04-01T22:12:52.112Z</revision-date></meta><umm><URL><URLValue>https://daacdata.apps.nsidc.org/</URLValue></URL><Name>NSIDCV0_DAAC_Data_HTTPS_File_System</Name><Type>NOT PROVIDED</Type><Version>1</Version><LongName>HTTPS File System</LongName><Description>Quickly download a few files using a web browser, or access the data through a command-line utility such as WGET.</Description><RelatedURLs><RelatedURL><URL>https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/programmatic-access-guide-data-daacdataapps</URL><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type><Description>Programmatic Data Access Guide</Description><URLContentType>PublicationURL</URLContentType></RelatedURL></RelatedURLs><ContactGroups><ContactGroup><Roles><Role>USER SERVICES</Role></Roles><GroupName>NSIDC DAAC User Services</GroupName><ContactInformation><ContactMechanisms><ContactMechanism><Type>Email</Type><Value>nsidc@nsidc.org</Value></ContactMechanism></ContactMechanisms></ContactInformation></ContactGroup></ContactGroups><ServiceKeywords><ServiceKeyword><ServiceTerm>DATA ACCESS/RETRIEVAL</ServiceTerm><ServiceTopic>DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING</ServiceTopic><ServiceCategory>EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES</ServiceCategory></ServiceKeyword></ServiceKeywords><VersionDescription>This is the most current release of this service.</VersionDescription><ServiceOrganizations><ServiceOrganization><Roles><Role>DEVELOPER</Role><Role>ORIGINATOR</Role><Role>PUBLISHER</Role><Role>SERVICE PROVIDER</Role></Roles><LongName>NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center</LongName><ShortName>NASA NSIDC DAAC</ShortName><OnlineResource><Name>NASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at NSIDC</Name><Linkage>https://nsidc.org/daac</Linkage><Description>NSIDC DAAC Home Page</Description></OnlineResource></ServiceOrganization></ServiceOrganizations><MetadataSpecification><URL>https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/service/v1.4</URL><Name>UMM-S</Name><Version>1.4</Version></MetadataSpecification></umm></umm-s><nsidc><URLValue>https://daacdata.apps.nsidc.org/pub/DATASETS/atmosphere/nsidc0423_cyclone_ncep_ncar_reanalysis/</URLValue></nsidc></Value></Metadata></Extended_Metadata></DIF>
</metadata></record></GetRecord></OAI-PMH>