2026-04-22T08:29:29Zhttp://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oaioai:nsidc.org/NSIDC-0079.0032026-03-03T21:04:53Zcumulusecsretirednasa_nsidc_daac
NSIDC-0079.003Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMISComiso, J. C.Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS2017-11-08Boulder, Colorado USANASA NSIDC DAAC: NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center3false10.5067/7Q8HCCWS4I0Rhttps://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/documents/user-guide/nsidc-0079-v003-userguide.pdfNSIDC-0079Technical ContactNSIDCUser Servicesnsidc@nsidc.org1-303-492-61991-303-492-2468CIRES, 449 UCBUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309-0449USAEARTH SCIENCECRYOSPHERESEA ICESEA ICE CONCENTRATION Climatology/Meteorology/AtmospherePolar Stereo Sea Ice-project Sea Ice ConcentrationSea Ice PM Polar Stereo-projectSea Ice Prediction Network-projectSIPN-projectSIPN sea ice-projectSMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS-projectsmmr-ssmi-projectSMMR/SSMIS Polar Stereo Sea Ice Conc-projectSMMRScanning Multichannel Microwave RadiometerSSM/ISpecial Sensor Microwave/ImagerSSMISSpecial Sensor Microwave Imager/SounderDMSP 5D-2/F11Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11DMSP 5D-2/F13Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13DMSP 5D-2/F8Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8DMSP 5D-3/F17Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17Nimbus-7Nimbus-71978-11-012022-12-31deprecated3090-180180-90-39-180180CONTINENTANTARCTICAGEOGRAPHIC REGIONARCTICGEOGRAPHIC REGIONPOLAROCEANATLANTIC OCEANNORTH ATLANTIC OCEANDAVIS STRAITOCEANATLANTIC OCEANNORTH ATLANTIC OCEANGULF OF ST LAWRENCEOCEANSOUTHERN OCEANWEDDELL SEAOCEANPACIFIC OCEANNORTH PACIFIC OCEANSEA OF OKHOTSKOCEANSOUTHERN OCEANROSS SEAOCEANSOUTHERN OCEANBELLINGSHAUSEN SEAOCEANPACIFIC OCEANNORTH PACIFIC OCEANBERING SEAOCEANPACIFIC OCEANOCEANINDIAN OCEANCONTINENTNORTH AMERICACANADAHUDSON BAYOCEANARCTIC OCEANBARENTS SEAOCEANARCTIC OCEAN25 km25 km1 day25 km25 km1 monthAlthough most bad data are easily identifiable and removed with little ambiguity, human judgments must be made and applied consistently to the time series data. While efforts were made to minimize errors in judgment and inconsistencies, the resulting data set is not perfect. Nevertheless, the data provider feels that these maps are suitable for some types of research studies, such as basin-scale trend analysis, model inputs, and some regional studies. They are less useful in evaluating conditions on a specific day in a localized region.
NSIDC staff visually checked the entire set of data files, including file structure, comparisons to existing SMMR- and SSM/I-derived sea ice concentration grids, and information files and examination of data quality. Please note that in this document, a large fraction of the text was supplied by the data set provider. It may include qualitative judgments and statements by the provider and does not necessarily represent endorsements or imply that independent assessments have been performed by NSIDC staff.
Limitations of the Data
Basic limitations arise from the sensor resolution, temporal coverage, and algorithm assumptions and characteristics. Users should review the information provided on fields of view, temporal sampling, and algorithm characteristics. Particular care is needed in interpreting the sea ice concentrations during summer when melt is underway and in regions where new sea ice makes up a substantial part of the sea ice cover. As noted, some residual errors remain due to sensor differences and to weather effects along with mixing of ocean and land area within the sensor field of view.
No data coverage is available for regions poleward of 81° N for SMMR and 87° N for SSM/I due to the inclination of the orbits. SMMR data were acquired every other day, while SSM/I data are acquired daily.These data have been retired and are no longer accessible, though a more recent version of these data may be available.These data have been retired and are no longer available for use, though a more recent version of these data may be available. Cite any prior or planned use of these data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/data-use-and-copyright. For more information on the NASA EOSDIS Data Use Policy, see https://earthdata.nasa.gov/earth-observation-data/data-use-policy.EnglishNASA NSIDC DAACNASA NSIDC DAACNASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Centerhttps://nsidc.org/daacData Center ContactNSIDCUser Servicesnsidc@nsidc.org1-303-492-6199National Snow and Ice Data CenterCIRES, 449 UCBUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCO80309-0449USAHTTPSBinaryCho, K., N. Sasaki, H. Shimoda, T. Sakata, and F. Nishio. 1996. Evaluation and Improvement of SSM/I Sea Ice Concentration Algorithms for the Sea of Okhotsk. Journal Remote Sensing of Japan 16(2):47-58.
Comiso, J. C., and F. Nishio. 2008. Trends in the Sea Ice Cover Using Enhanced and Compatible AMSR-E, SSM/I, and SMMR Data. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC0043257.
Comiso, J. C., D. Cavalieri, C. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen. 1997. Passive Microwave Algorithms for Sea Ice Concentrations: A Comparison of Two Techniques. Remote Sensing of the Environment 60(3):357-84.
Comiso, J. C., and R. Kwok. 1996. The Summer Arctic Sea Ice Cover from Satelli Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 101(C2):28,397-416.
Comiso, J. C. 1995. SSM/I Concentrations Using the Bootstrap Algorithm. NASA Reference Publication 1380. 40 pages.
Comiso, J. C, T. C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, R. Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave Remote Sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Cover. Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice, ed. Frank Carsey. Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 243-59.
Comiso, J. C. and C. W. Sullivan. 1986. Satellite Microwave and In-Situ Observations of the Weddell Sea ice Cover and its Marginal Ice Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 91(C8):9,663-81.
Comiso, J. C. 1984. Characteristics of Winter Sea Ice from Satellite Multispectral Microwave Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 91(C1):975-94.
Comiso, J. C., S. F. Ackley, and A. L. Gordon. 1984. Antarctic Sea Ice Microwave Signature and Their Correlation with In-Situ Ice Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 89(C1):662-72.
Gloersen P., W. Campbell, D. Cavalieri, J. Comiso, C. Parkinson, H. J. Zwally. 1992. Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive Microwave Observations and Analysis. NASA Special Publication 511.
Maslanik, J. A. 1992. Effects of Weather on the Retrieval of Sea Ice Concentration and Ice Type from Passive Microwave Data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 13(1):37-54.
National Snow and Ice Data Center. 1992. DMSP SSM/I Brightness Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration Grids for the Polar Regions on CD-ROM - User's Guide. NSIDC Special Report - 1. 222 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, H. J. Zwally, and J. C. Comiso, 1999. Arctic Sea Ice Extents, Areas, and Trends, 1978-1996. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(C9), 20,837-20,856.
Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell. 1987. Arctic Sea Ice 1973-1976 from Satellite Passive Microwave Observations. NASA Special Publication 489.
Pearson, F. 1990. Map Projections: Theory and Applications. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press. 372 pages.
Snyder, J. P. 1987. Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office. 383 pages.
Snyder, J. P. 1982. Map Projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1532.
Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, W. J. Campbell, F. D. Carsey, and P. Gloersen. 1983. Antarctic Sea Ice 1973-1976 from Satellite Passive Microwave Observations. NASA Special Publication 459.This sea ice concentration data set was derived using measurements from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on the Nimbus-7 satellite and from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) sensors on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) -F8, -F11, and -F13 satellites. Measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard DMSP-F17 are also included. The data set has been generated using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Bootstrap Algorithm with daily varying tie-points. Daily (every other day prior to July 1987) and monthly data are available for both the north and south polar regions. Data are gridded on the SSM/I polar stereographic grid (25 x 25 km) and provided in two-byte integer format.VIEW RELATED INFORMATIONhttps://nsidc.org/sites/default/files/documents/user-guide/nsidc-0079-v003-userguide.pdfBootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS, Version 3 User GuideUSA/NASACEOS IDN DIFVERSION 9.92017-11-082026-03-03NSIDCVersion SummaryChanges to this version include:
<ul>
<li>Intercalbration techniques between SMMR and F08, as well as F08 and F11 were changed to match sea ice area rather than sea ice extent.</li>
<li>Ocean tie points now change each day (similar to the ice tie points) based on brightness temperatures for that day.</li>
<li>The threshold for the lower limit for ice was relaxed to allow retrieval of ice at 10 percent ice concentration.</li>
<ul/>NSIDCMinor Version1Version 3.1 of the Bootstrap ice concentrations computes sea ice concentration with an open water identifier that is calculated daily in May and October; in version 3.0, this value was calculated using a single monthly value for May and a single monthly value for October.1978-11-012022-05-310NSIDCSpatial Reference SystemsEPSG:3411NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic NorthEPSG:3412NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic SouthNSIDCLevel of ServiceNo Data AccessNSIDCFull Dataset CitationComiso, J. C. (2017). <i>Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS</i>. (NSIDC-0079, Version 3). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. <a href="https://doi.org/10.5067/7Q8HCCWS4I0R">https://doi.org/10.5067/7Q8HCCWS4I0R</a>. [<i><describe subset used if applicable></i>].NSIDCRetiredtrueNSIDCRelated Servicesapplication/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+jsonfalseamy.steikermmt_service_25004S2472217299-NSIDC_CPRDNSIDC_CPRD1service2022-09-20T22:05:06.185Zs3://nsidc-cumulus-prod-protected/NSIDC_CPRD_S3NOT PROVIDED1.0NASA Earthdata Cloud (AWS S3)Access data directly from the NASA Earthdata Cloud via Amazon Web Services Simple Storage Service (AWS S3). This access option is only available when working within the us-west-2 region and requires additional AWS S3 credentials.https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/nasa-earthdata-cloud-data-access-guideVIEW RELATED INFORMATIONNASA Earthdata Cloud Data Access GuidePublicationURLhttps://data.nsidc.earthdatacloud.nasa.gov/s3credentialsVIEW RELATED INFORMATIONAWS S3 CredentialsPublicationURLUSER SERVICESNSIDC DAAC User ServicesEmailnsidc@nsidc.orgDATA ACCESS/RETRIEVALDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESThis is the most current release of this service. Last updated date is unknown.SERVICE PROVIDERNASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive CenterNASA NSIDC DAAChttps://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/service/v1.4UMM-S1.4https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/nasa-earthdata-cloud-data-access-guideapplication/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+jsonfalsebookerlmmt_service_52052S3107386427-NSIDC_CPRDNSIDC_CPRD3service2024-12-03T17:04:33.698Zhttps://cmr.earthdata.nasa.gov/virtual-directory/collections/NSIDC_CPRD_HTTPS_File_SystemNOT PROVIDED1HTTPS File SystemQuickly download a few files using a web browser, or access data through a command-line utility such as WGET.https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/nasa-earthdata-cloud-data-access-guide#anchor-download-to-a-local-computer-from-earthdata-cloudVIEW RELATED INFORMATIONNASA Earthdata Cloud Data Access GuidePublicationURLUSER SERVICESNSIDC DAAC User ServicesEmailnsidc@nsidc.orgDATA ACCESS/RETRIEVALDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESSee https://github.com/nasa/Common-Metadata-Repository/releases for more information on the latest version.DEVELOPERMaintenance and Development, Earth Observing System Data and Information System, Earth Observing System,Goddard Space Flight Center, NASANASA/GSFC/EOS/EOSDIS/EMDORIGINATORPUBLISHERSERVICE PROVIDERNASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive CenterNASA NSIDC DAACNSIDC DAAC home pagehttps://nsidc.org/daacNASA Distributed Active Archive Center (DAAC) at NSIDC home page.https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/service/v1.4UMM-S1.4https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/nasa-earthdata-cloud-data-access-guide#anchor-download-to-a-local-computer-from-earthdata-cloudNSIDCRelated Toolsapplication/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+jsonfalsembeigmmt_tool_50907TL3010466318-NSIDC_CPRDNSIDC_CPRD4tool2024-05-28T17:29:12.271Zhttps://zenodo.org/badge/latestdoi/399867529DOWNLOAD SOFTWAREhttps://earthaccess.readthedocs.io/en/latest/DistributionURLNSIDC_CPRD_EARTHACCESSDownloadable Tool0.9.0earthaccessearthaccess is a python library to search and access NASA Earth science data with just a few lines of code.https://github.com/nsidc/earthaccessVIEW RELATED INFORMATIONGitHub RepositoryPublicationURLDATA ACCESS/RETRIEVALDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESDATA SEARCHDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESPUBLISHERNSIDC DAAC User ServicesEmailnsidc@nsidc.orgPUBLISHERNASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Centerhttps://nsidc.org/daac/NASA NSIDC DAACPUBLISHERNational Snow and Ice Data Centerhttp://nsidc.orgNSIDCDEVELOPERAlaska Satellite Facilityhttps://www.asf.alaska.edu/ASFDEVELOPERInstitute for the Study of Earth, Oceans, and Space, University of New Hampshirehttp://www.eos.unh.edu/UNH/EOSDEVELOPERAtmospheric Science Data Center, Science Directorate, Langley Research Center, NASAhttps://asdc.larc.nasa.gov/NASA/LARC/SD/ASDCMIT License
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If you have used earthaccess in your research, please cite as:
Barrett, A., Battisto, C., Bourbeau, J., Fisher, M., Kaufman, D., Kennedy, J., Lopez, L., Lowndes, J., Scheick, J., & Steiker, A. (2024). earthaccess (Version 0.9.0) [Computer software]. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8365009
See https://github.com/nsidc/earthaccess/releases for more information on the latest version.https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/tool/v1.0UMM-T1.0Python3.8 or higherhttps://earthaccess.readthedocs.io/en/latest/application/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+jsonfalsecrumlydmmt_tool_12821TL4019517520-NSIDC_CPRDNSIDC_CPRD1tool2026-02-11T17:45:02.724ZGOTO WEB TOOLhttps://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/searchDistributionURLNSIDC_CPRD_NASA_Earthdata_SearchWeb User Interface1NASA Earthdata SearchSearch and order data from all NASA DAACs using spatial and temporal filters in a map interface. Reformatting, reprojecting, and subsetting options are available for some data sets.https://nsidc.org/support/how/search-order-and-customize-nsidc-daac-data-nasa-earthdata-searchVIEW RELATED INFORMATIONHow to search, order, and customize data with NASA Earthdata SearchPublicationURLDATA VISUALIZATIONDATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATIONEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESDATA SEARCHDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESDATA ACCESS/RETRIEVALDATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLINGEARTH SCIENCE SERVICESSERVICE PROVIDERNSIDC DAAC User ServicesEmailnsidc@nsidc.orgSERVICE PROVIDEREarthdata Service DeskEmailsupport@earthdata.nasa.govAUTHORDEVELOPERORIGINATORPUBLISHERMaintenance and Development, Earth Observing System Data and Information System, Earth Observing System,Goddard Space Flight Center, NASAhttp://newsroom.gsfc.nasa.gov/NASA/GSFC/EOS/EOSDIS/EMDChromeFirefoxSafariThis is the most current release of this tool.https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/tool/v1.0UMM-T1.0https://search.earthdata.nasa.gov/search