<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-05-09T07:04:26Z</responseDate><request identifier="G02174.001" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/G02174.001</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-04T20:20:11Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_other</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>noaa</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>G02174.001</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Central Asia Temperature and Precipitation Data, 1879-2003</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Williams, M. W. &amp; Konovalov, V. G.</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Central Asia Temperature and Precipitation Data, 1879-2003</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>2008-02-18</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>1</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.7265/N5NK3BZ8</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5NK3BZ8</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>G02174</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>M</First_Name><Middle_Name>W</Middle_Name><Last_Name>Williams</Last_Name><Contact_Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Vladimir</First_Name><Middle_Name>G.</Middle_Name><Last_Name>Konovalov</Last_Name><Contact_Address><Address>72 K. Makhsumov Street</Address><City>Tashkent</City><Postal_Code>700052</Postal_Code><Country>Uzbekistan</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Atmosphere</Topic><Term>Atmospheric Temperature</Term><Variable_Level_1>Air Temperature</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>AIR TEMPERATURE</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Atmosphere</Topic><Term>Precipitation</Term><Variable_Level_1>Precipitation Amount</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>PRECIPITATION AMOUNT</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>NOAA</Keyword><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>RAIN GAUGES</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>THERMOMETERS</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name><Long_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1879-01-01</Start_Date><Stop_Date>2003-12-31</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>35</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>50</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>55</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>85</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Kazakhstan</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Kyrgyzstan</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Tajikistan</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Turkmenistan</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Asia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Southcentral Asia</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Uzbekistan</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Data_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>1 month</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible without restrictions.</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/use_copyright.html.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NOAA</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NOAA</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Format>PDF</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Format>Excel</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Easterling, David R., Thomas C. Peterson, and Thomas R. Karl, 1996: On the development and use of homogenized climate data sets. Journal of Climate, 9: 1429-1434.

Groisman, P.Y. and E.Y. Rankova. 2001. Precipitation trends over the Russian permafrost-free zone: removing the artifacts of pre-processing. International Journal of Climate 21: 657-678.

Groisman, P.Y., V.V. Koknaeva, T.A. Belokrylova, and T.R. Karl. 1991. Overcoming biases of precipitation measurement: A history of the USSR experience. Bulletin of American Meteorological Society pp. 1725-1733.

Jones, P.D. and A. Moberg. 2003. Hemispheric and large-scale surface air temperature variations: An extensive revision and an update to 2001. Journal of Climate 16 (2): 206-223.

Legates, D.R., and C.J. Willmott, Mean seasonal and spatial variability in gauge-corrected, global precipitation. 1990. International Journal of Climatology, 10 (1): 111-1270.

Nastavlenie gidrometeorologicheskim stantsyyam i postam. Vypusk 3, chast&#x2019; 1. (Manual for hydrometeorological stations and posts. Iss.3, part 1). 1985. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad. 300 pp.

Peterson, T.C., and R.S. Vose, 1997: An overview of the Global Historical Climatology Network temperature database. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, 78 (12): 2837-2849. (PDF Version available at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/)

Peterson, T.C., R. Vose, R. Schmoyer, and V. Razuvaev, 1998: Global Historical Climatology Network (GHCN) quality control of monthly temperature data. International Journal of Climatology, 18 (11): 1169-1179. 

Williams, M.W. and V.G. Konovalov, 2005. GHCN: Regional Data Base on Climate of Central Asia v.1.0., unpublished document.

Vose, R. S., Richard L. Schmoyer, Peter M. Steurer, Thomas C. Peterson, Richard Heim, Thomas R. Karl, and J. Eischeid, 1992: The Global Historical Climatology Network: long-term monthly temperature, precipitation, sea level pressure, and station pressure data. ORNL/CDIAC-53, NDP-041. Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>This data set provides temperature and precipitation data from 298 meteorological stations in the Northern Tien Shan and Pamir Mountain Ranges of Central Asia, specifically from stations in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The period of record covered by each station is variable, however, most stations have almost 100 years of observations with the earliest record from 1879 and the latest from 2003. 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