<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-06-08T23:21:15Z</responseDate><request identifier="G02140.001" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/G02140.001</identifier><datestamp>2025-12-04T05:17:26Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_other</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>noaa</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>G02140.001</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin: Aircraft Landing Observations from the Former Soviet Union, 1928-1989</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>National Snow and Ice Data Center (Romanov, I. P. (Comp.))</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin: Aircraft Landing Observations from the Former Soviet Union, 1928-1989</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>2004-03-17</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>1</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.7265/N5B8562T</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>https://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5B8562T</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>G02140</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Ilya</First_Name><Middle_Name>P.</Middle_Name><Last_Name>Romanov</Last_Name></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1> </Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>FREEBOARD</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Roughness</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Hummocks</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Deformation</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>ICE DEFORMATION</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Depth/Thickness</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Floes</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Length</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1> </Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Sastrugi</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Density</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DENSITY</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Depth</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DEPTH</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1> </Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Snow Dunes</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Sea Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Floes</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Width</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><ISO_Topic_Category>Oceans</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>Aircraft</Keyword><Keyword>Arctic Basin</Keyword><Keyword>Arctic Sea Ice</Keyword><Keyword>g02140</Keyword><Keyword>NOAA</Keyword><Keyword>North Pole</Keyword><Keyword>North Pole drifting station</Keyword><Keyword>Sea Ice Observations and Charts-project</Keyword><Keyword>Sever</Keyword><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>SNOW MEASURING ROD</Short_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name><Long_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1928-06-01</Start_Date><Stop_Date>1989-05-31</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>64</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>Europe</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1>Eastern Europe</Location_Subregion1><Location_Subregion2>Russia</Location_Subregion2><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Geographic Region</Location_Category><Location_Type>Arctic</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location>Arctic Basin</Detailed_Location></Location><Data_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>100 km</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>Varies</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Quality>Each parameter was examined for extreme values by plotting all values and visually scanning for obvious outliers. These values were then investigated to determine the nature of the error. Extreme values were rare. The four outlying ice and snow parameters were replaced with the value for missing data. Some runway length, runway width, floe length, and floe width parameters have values of 9999 and -1. Values of -1 indicate missing data, but the meaning of 9999 values is unclear.</Quality><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible without restrictions.</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/use_copyright.html.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Originating_Center>NSIDC</Originating_Center><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NOAA</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NOAA</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>0.45 to 30 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Arctic Climatology Project. 2000. Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Sea Ice Atlas. Edited by F. Tanis and V. Smolyanitsky. Ann Arbor, MI: Environmental Research Institute of Michigan in association with the National Snow and Ice Data Center. CD-ROM.

Arctic Climatology Project. 2000. Environmental Working Group Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas. Edited by F. Fetterer and V. Radionov. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. CD-ROM.

Borodachev, V.E. and V. I. Shilnikov. 2002. Istoriya Ledovoi Aviatsionnoi Razvedki v Arktike i na Zamerzayushchikh Moryakh Rossii (1914-1993) (The History of Aerial Ice Reconnaissance in the Arctic and Ice-covered Seas of Russia, 1914-1993). Gidrometeoizdat Publishing House, St. Petersburg, Russia. 441 pp. ISBN 5-286-01448-8.

Romanov, I.P. 1979. Sizes of Ice Fields. Trans. POLEX-Sever-76. Gidrometeoizdat Publishing House, St. Petersburg, Russia. pp. 11-115.

Romanov, I.P. 1993. Morphometric Characteristics of Ice and Snow in the Arctic Basin. First edition. Self-published. St. Petersburg, Russia.

Romanov, I.P. 1995. Atlas of Ice and Snow of the Arctic Basin and Siberian Shelf Seas. Dr. Alfred Tunik, translator and editor. Second edition of atlas and monograph. Revised and expanded. ISBN 0-9644311-3-0. Backbone Publishing Company.
 Rukovodstvo po proizvodstvu ledovoy aviarazvedki (Handbook for conducting airborne ice reconnaissance). 1981. Gidrometeoizdat Publishing House, St. Petersburg, Russia. 240 pp.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>This data set contains sea ice and snow measurements collected during aircraft landings associated with the Soviet Union's historical Sever airborne and North Pole drifting station programs. The data set contains measurements of 23 parameters, including ice thickness and snow depth on the runway and surrounding area; ridge, hummock, and sastrugi dimensions and areal coverage; and snow density.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5B8562T</URL><Description>Documentation</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/NOAA/G02140/</URL><Description>HTTPS</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://nsidc.org/data/g01938.html</URL><Description>Environmental Working Group Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://nsidc.org/data/g01962.html</URL><Description>Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Sea Ice Atlas</Description></Related_URL><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>2004-03-17</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2025-12-04</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Current Version</Name><Value>1</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>Standard</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>National Snow and Ice Data Center. 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