2026-06-06T19:11:25Zhttp://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai

oai:nsidc.org/G02135.0032025-11-06T22:08:11Zv0_otherv0_allretirednoaa

G02135.003Sea Ice IndexFetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M. & Windnagel, A. K.Sea Ice Index2017-10-20Boulder, Colorado USANSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center3false10.7265/N5K072F8https://doi.org/10.7265/n5k072f8G02135InvestigatorFlorenceFettererfetterer@nsidc.orgBoulderCOUSAInvestigatorKennethKnowles

National Snow and Ice Data Center

CIRES, 449 UCB

University of Colorado

BoulderCO80309-0449USAInvestigatorWalterNMeierwalt@nsidc.orgBoudlerCO80309USAInvestigatorMatthewSavoiesavoie@nsidc.org

CIRES, 449 UCB

University of Colorado

BoulderCO80309-0449USAInvestigatorAnnKathrynWindnagelTechnical ContactNSIDCUser Servicesnsidc@nsidc.org1-303-492-61991-303-492-2468

CIRES, 449 UCB

University of Colorado

BoulderCO80309-0449USAEARTH SCIENCECRYOSPHERESEA ICEICE EXTENT EARTH SCIENCECRYOSPHERESEA ICEICE GROWTH/MELT EARTH SCIENCECRYOSPHERESEA ICESEA ICE CONCENTRATION OceansClimatology/Meteorology/AtmosphereNOAAPolar Stereo Sea Ice-project Sea IceSea Ice AnomaliesSea Ice ConcentrationSea Ice ConditionsSea Ice ExtentSea Ice PM Polar Stereo-projectSea Ice PM Trends-projectSea Ice Prediction Network-projectSea Ice TrendsSIPN-projectSIPN sea ice-projectSMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS-related productSMMRScanning Multichannel Microwave RadiometerSSM/ISpecial Sensor Microwave/ImagerSSMISSpecial Sensor Microwave Imager/SounderDMSPDefense Meteorological Satellite ProgramDMSP 5D-3/F17Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17DMSP 5D-3/F18Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F18Nimbus-7Nimbus-71978-10-262025-07-31deprecated-90-39.23-18018030.9890-180180CONTINENTANTARCTICAGEOGRAPHIC REGIONARCTIC25 km25 km1 dayThese data have been retired and are no longer accessible, though a more recent version of these data may be available.These data have been retired and are no longer available for use, though a more recent version of these data may be available. Cite any prior or planned use of these data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/data-use-and-copyright.EnglishNOAANOAANational Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrationhttp://nsidc.org/noaa/Data Center ContactNOAAUser Servicesnsidc@nsidc.org1-303-492-61991-303-492-2468

National Snow and Ice Data Center

CIRES, 449 UCB

University of Colorado

BoulderCO80309-0449USAFTP0.046 - 1.6 MBPNGFTP136 - 651 KBGeoTIFFFTP2 - 34 KBCSVFTP9 - 90 KBShapefileAgnew, T. A., and S. Howell. 2002a. The use of operational i ce charts for evaluating passive microwave ice concentration data. Internal Report of the Meteorological Service of Canada. 34 pp. Agnew, T. A., and S. Howell. 2002b. Comparison of digitized Canadian ice charts and passive microwave sea-ice concentrations. Procedures of the International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, July 24-28. Toronto: Canada. Cavalieri, D.J., P. Gloersen and W. J. Campbell. 1984. Determination of sea ice parameters with the NIMBUS-7 SMMR. Journal of Geophysical Research 89 (D4): 5355-5369. Cavalieri, D.J., K.M. St. Germain and C.T. Swift. 1995. Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration with the DMSP SSM/I. Journal of Glaciology 41: 455-464. Cavalieri, D., P. Gloerson, and J. Zwally. 1990. DMSP SSM/I daily polar gridded sea ice concentrations. Edited by J. Maslanik and J. Stroeve. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Cavalieri, D., C. Parkinson, P. Gloerson, and H.J. Zwally. 1997, updated 2005. Sea ice concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I passive microwave data, June to September 2001. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media and CD-ROM. Cavalieri, D., P. Gloerson, and J. Zwally. 2002, updated daily. Near Real-Time DMSP SSM/I Daily Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations. Edited by J. Maslanik and J. Stroeve. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Comiso, J. C., and R. Kwok. 1996. Surface and radiative characteristics of the summer arctic sea ice cover from multi-sensor satellite observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 101 (C12): 28, 397-28, 416. Comiso, J. C., and K. Steffen. 2001. Studies of Antarctic sea ice concentrations from satellite data and their applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 106 (C12): 31, 361-31, 386. Emery, W. J., C. Fowler, and J. Maslanik. 1994. Arctic sea ice concentration from Special Sensor Microwave Imager and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer satellite data. Journal of Geophysical Research 99: 18,329-18,342. Eppler, D.T., L.D. Farmer, A.W. Lohanick, M.A. Anderson, D. Cavalieri, J. Comiso, P. Gloersen, C. Garrity, T.C. Grenfell, M. Hallikainen, J.A. Maslanik, C. Mätzler, R.A. Melloh, I. Rubinstein, and C.T. Swift. 1992. Passive microwave signatures of sea ice. In Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Edited by F.D. Carsey. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 47-71. Fetterer, F., and N. Untersteiner. 1998. Observations of melt ponds on arctic sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 103 (C11): 24,821-24,835. Hollinger, J.P., J.L. Peirce, and G.A. Poe. 1990. SSM/I Instrument Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 28 (5): 781-790. Kwok, R. 2002. Sea ice concentration estimates from satellite passive microwave radiometry and openings from SAR ice motion. Geophysical Research Letters 29 (9): 10.1029/202GL014787. Markus, T., and S. T. Dokken. 2002. Evaluation of late summer passive microwave arctic sea ice retrievals. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 40 (2): 348-356. Meier, W. N., M .L. V. Woert, and C. Bertoia. 2001. Evaluation of operational SSM/I algorithms. Annals of Glaciology 33: 102-108. Meier, W. N. 2005. Comparison of passive microwave retrievals with AVHRR imagery in arctic peripheral seas. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 43 (6): 1324-1337. Parkinson, C.L., D.J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, H.J. Zwally, and J.C. Comiso. 1999. Arctic sea ice extents, areas, and trends, 1978-1996. Journal of Geophysical Research 104 (C9): 20,837-20,856. Partington, K., T. Flynn, D. Lamb, C. Bertoia, and K. Dedrick. 2003. Late twentieth century Northern Hemisphere sea-ice record from U.S. National Ice Center ice charts. J. Geophys. Res. 108(C11): 3343. doi:10.1029/2002JC001623. Steffen, K., and A. Schweiger. 1991. NASA team algorithm for sea ice concentration retrieval from Defense Meteorological Satellite Program Special Sensor Microwave Imager: comparison with Landsat satellite imagery. Journal of Geophysical Research 96 (C12): 21,971-21,987. Steffen, K., J. Key, D. Cavalieri, J. Comiso, P. Gloersen, K.S. Germain, and I. Rubinstein. 1992. The estimation of geophysical parameters using passive microwave algorithms in microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Edited by F.D. Carsey. Washington, D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 201-231.

Notice: Due to funding limitations, this data set was recently changed to a “Basic” Level of Service. Learn more about what this means for users and how you can share your story here: <a href="https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/data-announcements/user-notice-level-service-update-data-products">Level of Service Update for Data Products</a>. The <a href="/data/seaice_index/">Sea Ice Index</a> provides a quick look at Arctic- and Antarctic-wide changes in sea ice. It is a source for consistent, up-to-date sea ice extent and concentration images, in PNG format, and data values, in GeoTIFF and ASCII text files, from November 1978 to the present. Sea Ice Index images also depict trends and anomalies in ice cover calculated using a 30-year reference period of 1981 through 2010. The images and data are produced in a consistent way that makes the Index time-series appropriate for use when looking at long-term trends in sea ice cover. Both monthly and daily products are available. However, monthly products are better to use for long-term trend analysis because errors in the daily product tend to be averaged out in the monthly product and because day-to-day variations are often the result of short-term weather.

VIEW RELATED INFORMATIONhttps://doi.org/10.7265/n5k072f8DocumentationCEOS IDN DIFVERSION 9.92017-10-202025-11-06NSIDCVersion SummaryUpdated the method used to calculate the monthly average sea ice extent and area data values.NSIDCMinor VersionNSIDCSpatial Reference SystemsEPSG:3411NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic NorthEPSG:3412NSIDC Sea Ice Polar Stereographic SouthNSIDCLevel of ServiceNo Data AccessNSIDCFull Dataset CitationFetterer, F., Knowles, K., Meier, W. N., Savoie, M. & Windnagel, A. K. (2017). Sea Ice Index. (G02135, Version 3). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. <a href="https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8">https://doi.org/10.7265/N5K072F8</a>. [<describe subset used if applicable>].NSIDCRetiredtrue