<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><OAI-PMH xmlns="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/OAI-PMH.xsd"><responseDate>2026-07-19T08:03:07Z</responseDate><request identifier="G02131.001" metadataPrefix="dif" verb="GetRecord">http://nsidc.org/api/dataset/metadata/oai</request><GetRecord><record><header><identifier>oai:nsidc.org/G02131.001</identifier><datestamp>2025-10-07T16:37:27Z</datestamp><setSpec>v0_other</setSpec><setSpec>v0_all</setSpec><setSpec>noaa</setSpec></header><metadata>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd"><Entry_ID>G02131.001</Entry_ID><Entry_Title>Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997</Entry_Title><Data_Set_Citation><Dataset_Creator>Brown, R. D.</Dataset_Creator><Dataset_Title>Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997</Dataset_Title><Dataset_Release_Date>2002-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date><Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place><Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher><Version>1</Version><Other_Citation_Details><Invert_Citation_Order>false</Invert_Citation_Order></Other_Citation_Details><Dataset_DOI>10.7265/N5V985Z6</Dataset_DOI><Online_Resource>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5V985Z6</Online_Resource><Dataset_Series_Name>G02131</Dataset_Series_Name></Data_Set_Citation><Personnel><Role>Technical Contact</Role><First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Personnel><Role>Investigator</Role><First_Name>Ross</First_Name><Middle_Name>D.</Middle_Name><Last_Name>Brown</Last_Name><Email>ross.brown@ec.gc.ca</Email><Phone>1-514-282-6464</Phone><Fax>1- 514-282-713</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>550 Sherbrooke St. West, 19th Floor</Address><City>Montr&#xE9;al</City><Province_or_State>QC</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>H3A 1B9</Postal_Code><Country>Canada</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Ice Depth/Thickness</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW DEPTH</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Cover</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Snow Extent</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Cover</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>Snow Extent</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><Parameters><Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category><Topic>Cryosphere</Topic><Term>Snow/Ice</Term><Variable_Level_1>Snow Water Equivalent</Variable_Level_1><Variable_Level_2> </Variable_Level_2><Variable_Level_3> </Variable_Level_3><Detailed_Variable>SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT</Detailed_Variable></Parameters><ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category><Keyword>areally-weighted mean snow depth</Keyword><Keyword>HDCD</Keyword><Keyword>Historical Daily Climate Dataset</Keyword><Keyword>linear regression analysis</Keyword><Keyword>mean snow depth</Keyword><Keyword>North American mid-latitudes</Keyword><Keyword>reconstructed</Keyword><Keyword>SCE</Keyword><Keyword>Snow</Keyword><Keyword>Snow Cover</Keyword><Keyword>snow cover extent</Keyword><Keyword>Snow Depth</Keyword><Keyword>Snow Extent</Keyword><Keyword>Snow Water Equivalent</Keyword><Keyword>SWE</Keyword><Sensor_Name><Short_Name>VHRR</Short_Name><Long_Name>Very High Resolution Radiometer</Long_Name></Sensor_Name><Source_Name><Short_Name>NOAA-4</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic &amp; Atmospheric Administration-4</Long_Name></Source_Name><Temporal_Coverage><Start_Date>1915-01-01</Start_Date><Stop_Date>1997-12-31</Stop_Date></Temporal_Coverage><Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress><Spatial_Coverage><Southernmost_Latitude>0</Southernmost_Latitude><Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude><Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude><Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude></Spatial_Coverage><Location><Location_Category>Geographic Region</Location_Category><Location_Type>Eurasia</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Continent</Location_Category><Location_Type>North America</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Location><Location_Category>Geographic Region</Location_Category><Location_Type>Northern Hemisphere</Location_Type><Location_Subregion1/><Location_Subregion2/><Location_Subregion3/><Detailed_Location/></Location><Data_Resolution><Longitude_Resolution>Varies</Longitude_Resolution><Temporal_Resolution>1 month</Temporal_Resolution></Data_Resolution><Access_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully accessible without restrictions.</Access_Constraints><Use_Constraints>These data are freely, openly, and fully available to use without restrictions, provided that you cite the data according to the recommended citation at https://nsidc.org/about/use_copyright.html.</Use_Constraints><Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language><Data_Center><Data_Center_Name><Short_Name>NOAA</Short_Name><Long_Name>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</Long_Name></Data_Center_Name><Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/</Data_Center_URL><Personnel><Role>Data Center Contact</Role><First_Name>NOAA</First_Name><Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name><Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email><Phone>1-303-492-6199</Phone><Fax>1-303-492-2468</Fax><Contact_Address><Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address><Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address><Address>University of Colorado</Address><City>Boulder</City><Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State><Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code><Country>USA</Country></Contact_Address></Personnel></Data_Center><Distribution><Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media><Distribution_Size>18 KB</Distribution_Size><Distribution_Format>ASCII</Distribution_Format></Distribution><Reference>Brown, R.D. 2000. Northern Hemisphere snow cover variability and change, 1915-1997. J. Climate 13: 2339-2355.

Brown, R.D. 1997. Historical variability in Northern Hemisphere spring snow covered area. Annals of Glaciology 25: 340-346.

Brown, R.D. and R.O. Braaten, 1998. Spatial and temporal variability of Canadian monthly snow depths, 1946-1995. Atmosphere-Ocean 36: 37-45.
 Easterling, D.R., P. Jamason, D. Bowman, P.Y. Hughes and E. H. Mason. 1997. Daily snowdepth  measurements from 195 stations in the United States. ORNL/CDIAC-95, NDP-059.

Frei, A., M.G. Hughes and D.A. Robinson. 1999. North American snow extent: 1910-1994. Int'l. J. Climatology 19: 1517-1534.</Reference><Summary><Abstract>This data set contains time series of monthly snow cover extent (SCE) for North America, Eurasia, and the Northern Hemisphere from 1915 to 1997, based on snow cover reconstruction and NOAA satellite data. In addition, the data set contains time series of annual variation in areally-averaged monthly snow depth and (SWE) for the North American grid domain used to derive the snow cover index.</Abstract></Summary><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5V985Z6</URL><Description>Documentation</Description></Related_URL><Related_URL><URL_Content_Type><Type>GET DATA</Type></URL_Content_Type><URL>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/NOAA/G02131/</URL><Description>HTTPS</Description></Related_URL><Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name><Metadata_Version>VERSION 9.9</Metadata_Version><DIF_Creation_Date>2002-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date><Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2025-10-07</Last_DIF_Revision_Date><Extended_Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Version Summary</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Minor Version</Name><Value/></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Current Version</Name><Value>1</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Level of Service</Name><Value><Level>Standard</Level></Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Full Dataset Citation</Name><Value>Brown, R. D. (2002). &lt;i&gt;Reconstructed North American, Eurasian, and Northern Hemisphere Snow Cover Extent, 1915-1997&lt;/i&gt;. (G02131, Version 1). [Data Set]. Boulder, Colorado USA. National Snow and Ice Data Center. &lt;a href="https://doi.org/10.7265/N5V985Z6"&gt;https://doi.org/10.7265/N5V985Z6&lt;/a&gt;. [&lt;i&gt;&lt;describe subset used if applicable&gt;&lt;/i&gt;].</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Retired</Name><Value>false</Value></Metadata><Metadata><Group>NSIDC</Group><Name>Related Services</Name><Value><umm-s><meta><format>application/vnd.nasa.cmr.umm+json</format><deleted>false</deleted><user-id>jroebuck</user-id><native-id>mmt_service_32962</native-id><concept-id>S2721063021-NSIDCV0</concept-id><provider-id>NSIDCV0</provider-id><revision-id>1</revision-id><concept-type>service</concept-type><revision-date>2023-06-27T14:22:11.750Z</revision-date></meta><umm><URL><URLValue>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/</URLValue></URL><Name>NSIDCV0_NOAA_Data_HTTPS_File_System</Name><Type>NOT PROVIDED</Type><Version>1</Version><LongName>NOAA@NSIDC HTTPS File System</LongName><Description>Access and download NOAA@NSIDC data using a web browser, or through a command line utility such as WGET, or using programming languages such as R or Python.</Description><RelatedURLs><RelatedURL><URL>https://nsidc.org/data/user-resources/help-center/how-access-and-download-noaansidc-data</URL><Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type><Description>NOAA@NSIDC HTTPS Access Guide</Description><URLContentType>PublicationURL</URLContentType></RelatedURL></RelatedURLs><ContactGroups><ContactGroup><Roles><Role>USER SERVICES</Role></Roles><GroupName>NSIDC User Services</GroupName><ContactInformation><ContactMechanisms><ContactMechanism><Type>Email</Type><Value>nsidc@nsidc.org</Value></ContactMechanism></ContactMechanisms></ContactInformation></ContactGroup></ContactGroups><ServiceKeywords><ServiceKeyword><ServiceTerm>DATA ACCESS/RETRIEVAL</ServiceTerm><ServiceTopic>DATA MANAGEMENT/DATA HANDLING</ServiceTopic><ServiceCategory>EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES</ServiceCategory></ServiceKeyword></ServiceKeywords><VersionDescription>This is the most current release of this service.</VersionDescription><ServiceOrganizations><ServiceOrganization><Roles><Role>AUTHOR</Role><Role>DEVELOPER</Role><Role>PUBLISHER</Role><Role>SERVICE PROVIDER</Role></Roles><LongName>National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration at the National Snow and Ice Data Center</LongName><ShortName>NSIDC_NOAA</ShortName></ServiceOrganization></ServiceOrganizations><MetadataSpecification><URL>https://cdn.earthdata.nasa.gov/umm/service/v1.4</URL><Name>UMM-S</Name><Version>1.4</Version></MetadataSpecification></umm></umm-s><nsidc><URLValue>https://noaadata.apps.nsidc.org/NOAA/G02131/</URLValue></nsidc></Value></Metadata></Extended_Metadata></DIF>
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