Cryospheric Climate Indicators: Soil Temperature

Cryospheric Climate Indicators


Notice: The Sea Ice Index is updated monthly. Funding constraints prevent us from updating or developing the other Cryospheric Climate Indicators. Soil Temperatures, Snow Cover, and Greenness are shown as prototypes.

Soil Temperature: Russia

Monthly soil temperatures have been collected at various depths from the early 1900s multiple sites in Russia as shown in the figure below. Sites were chosen for length and consistency of the record and the availability of ancillary data such as air temperature. For each site, we show a general profile of the site and a plot of monthly air temperatures and soil temperatures at a level deep enough to remove the diurnal temperature cycle. Finally, we plot normalized monthly soil temperature (mean monthly temp. minus the long-term mean soil temp. for the period of record divided by the long-term monthly standard deviation). This removes the annual cycle, shows the overall trend, and better allows comparison between sites. Currently data from only one site is available:

Russian site location map
Base map from the Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground-Ice Conditions


Irkutsk

Location: 52.28° N, 104.3° E, 467 m above sea level in the undulating Irkutsk Basin near the Angara River in a region of only isolated (<10%) permafrost.

Date Range: January 1898 - September 2000 (see notes)

Depths measured: 0.2 m, 0.4 m, 0.6 m, 0.8 m, 1.2 m, 1.6 m, 2.0 m, 2.4 m, and 3.2 m with the longest, most consistent records at 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, and 2.4 m.

Notes: There is an unexplained step increase in soil temperatures in 1931, so the normalized plot shows data only from 1931 forward. The air temperature data were collected at the same Irkutsk meteorological station as the soil temperature, but are not part of the soil temperature data set. The air temperature data are only available through 1995.

Data Reference:
Barry, R., T. Zhang, and D. Gilichinsky, compilers. 2001. Russian historical soil temperature data. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media.

Access Data

Mean Annual Soil Temperature Profiles

Mean Annual Temperature profiles for 1931, 1990, and long-term mean

Irkutsk Monthly Air and Soil Temperatures
January 1900 - December 2000

timeseries of 1.6 m soil temperatures and air temperature

Irkutsk Monthly 1.6 m Soil Temperatures Normalized Against the 1931-2000 Average.
January 1931 - December 2000

Irkutsk normalized monthly 1.6 m soil temperature

University of Colorado at Boulder Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES)

The National Snow and Ice Data Center
Supporting Cryospheric Research Since 1976
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