IICWG Business
Ice Service Requirements Questionnaire Summary Report (PDF 201 KB, posted Sep. 2009)
IICWG Presentation to the WMO EC-PORS (PDF 104 KB, posted Sep. 2009)
Future of the IPY Ice Logistics Portal (PDF 197 KB, posted October 2008)
Ice Information Services: Socio-economic Benefits and
Earth Observation Requirements (posted Nov. 2007)
Letter to Group on Earth Observations (posted Jun.
2004)
WMO JCOMM Endorses Color Standard and Shapefile SIGRID-3
Format (posted Jun. 2004)
Ad Hoc Chart Archive Format Working Group (last updated
Jun. 2004)
CEOS Ice Hazards Report (posted 2002)
ECDIS Ice Objects Defined (posted 2001)
Collaboration Opportunities (last updated 2002)
NIC Ice Analyst Job Qualification Requirements (posted
2002)
Description of Ice Forecasting Models at Ice Centers (posted
2001)
Table of Ice Center Chart Production Methods and Attributes (last
updated 2005)
Ice Service Climatological Products
Trends in Ice Cover from Ice Service Products (DRAFT)
Ice Information Services: Socio-economic
Benefits and Earth Observation Requirements
(PDF 3.1 MB, posted Nov. 2007) was prepared by IICWG for the Group on Earth Observation (GEO)
and Global Monitoring for Environment and Security (GMES).
This letter (Microsoft Word
file 85 KB, posted June 2004), dated 9 June 2004, outlines ice observing systems, sea ice data utilization,
and endorsement of sea ice and the IICWG as an important element of the Group
on Earth Observations (GEO) initiative. R. David Grimes, Meteorological Service
of Canada, and Richard M. Barazotto, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,
sent the letter to the GEO Secretariat Office.
The Color Standard and SIGRID-3 formats are now official WMO standards, and
may be referenced as:
SIGRID-3: A Vector Archive Format for Sea Ice Charts. JCOMM Technical Report
Series No. 23, 2004, WMO/TD-No. 1214.
Ice Chart Colour Code Standard. - JCOMM Technical Report Series No. 24, 2004,
WMO/TD-No. 1215.
These documents are available from http://www.wmo.ch/web/aom/marprog/Publications/publications.htm,
or contact John Falkingham for the Ice Chart Colour Code Standard, or Florence
Fetterer for the SIGRID-3 Standard.
The CEOS Ice Hazards Report, 2000 (PDF 474 KB) identifies
requirements and reviews the utility of earth observation space technology
for detecting, mapping and managing ice hazards. It was prepared under the
auspices of the Disaster Management Support Group (DMSG) of the Committee on
Earth Observation Satellites (CEOS) by an international working group composed
of representatives with experience in remote sensing as applied in the production
of operational ice guidance products and services.
The ad hoc format working group discussed issues surrounding using ESRI shapefile
format as an archive format. This work resulted in the SIGRID-3 standard. A
summary of the format discussion is available.
After a respite of a few years, activity on the Ice in ECDIS initiative has picked up again since 2006. At the urging of the IICWG and the WMO Expert Team on Sea Ice (ETSI), the Canadian Ice Service (CIS) contracted Bruce Ramsay to thoroughly review and revise the Ice Objects Catalogue to make it compatible with the SIGRID-3 format for archiving ice charts and the WMO Sea Ice Nomenclature and Symbology. The result is the Electronic Chart Systems Ice Objects Catalogue Version 4.0 (PDF 244 KB, posted Sep. 2009) which was approved by the ETSI on March 30, 2007.
The Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute has also been very active in developing ice information for use in Electronic Navigation Chart Systems. Please see Testing of Ice Objects Presentation on ENC in AARI (PDF 1.63 MB) presented by Evgeny Anashkin at IICWG-IX.
In 2008, the CIS contracted Mr. Ramsay and CARIS to develop an S-57 product specification for ice objects. Four documents specifying a Marine Information Overlay for Ice Coverage were produced:
John Falkingham gave a presentation, Sea Ice Information for Science and Navigation (PDF 3.7 MB, posted Sep. 2009), to the International Marine Data and Information Systems (IMDIS) 2008 conference on behalf of the IICWG in April 2008 and presented a report of the IMDIS conference (PDF 21 KB, posted Sep. 2009) to IICWG.
The CIS conducted a trial during the winter of 2008-09 in which ice analysis charts were made available in the S-57 format. For a report on this trial and other recent activities, please see Mr. Ramsay’s Status Report to IHO (PDF 32 KB, posted Sep. 2009).
Watch this space for opportunities for collaboration with the ice services,
and new projects of interest to the ice services.
Sea Ice Analysis and Forecasting at NMI
Ice Science and Development at NIC
IceCam Results
The IceCam is an environmental data/visual monitoring system used at Scott
Polar Research Institute. It provides visual ground truth information for
interpreting satellite images. View results from the cruise of the RV Jan
Mayen in the Greenland Sea. (Provided by Richard Hall, February 2001)
Detailed Requirements for the Position
of Ice Analyst at the U.S. National/Naval Ice Center (Microsoft Word 140 K)
An Inventory and Description of Ice Forecasting
Models at Ice Centers (Microsoft Word 1 MB)
This document contains information on models at the U.S. National Ice Center,
the Canadian Ice Center, the Finnish Ice Center, the Danish Meteorological
Institute, and the Norwegian Meteorological Institute. (Provided by the Norwegian
Meteorological Institute, February 2001)
This table was updated in August, 2005, by F. Fetterer, using information
gathered at the IICWG V meeting, Hamburg, Germany, and in October 2005.
| Ice Service |
Analysis chart frequency |
Analysis or GIS system used |
Operational product format |
| Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, Russia |
Weekly, bi-weekly, and daily regional Arctic charts. Antarctic
charts are available at various frequencies while supporting the AARI R/V. |
Analysis: ERDAS, ESRI ARCInfo. Chart production: ArcInfo,
ARCView |
Shapefile, SIGRID, GIF, national vector CONTOUR-2 |
| Argentine Navy Hydrographic Service |
|
|
|
| Canadian Ice Service |
CIS produces three types of charts:
- Daily analysis ice charts at scale of 1:2M are produced for southern
regions in the winter and northern regions in the summer to support
shipping activities, for each satellite image.
- Image analysis ice charts are produced for the same regions and time
of year as daily ice charts.
- Weekly regional ice charts at scale of 1:4M are produced covering
all Canadian ice-encumbered waters.
|
All charts are produced with a custom ISIS system based
on ArcInfo for charts and Imagine for imagery. |
All charts are produced in .E00, pdf and GIF format; and
are available freely on the CIS Web site |
| China, State Oceanic Administration |
|
|
|
| Danish Meteorological Institute |
Weekly chart covers all Greenland waters. Navigational
charts are produced depending on season and users requirements. |
Analysis: ERDAS Imagine
Chart production: ESRI ArcView (Polygons with SIGRID attributes) |
ESRI coverage format files |
| Finnish Ice Service |
Daily during the Baltic Sea ice season (October-May). SST
twice a week. On Mondays simplified ice and SST chart at http://ice.fmi.fi/tilanne.html. |
Analysis: Icemap |
Charts are saved in *.postscript format
Charts send to icebreakers, ships, and other platforms are in *.ice, *.pdf,
or *.tif format |
| Germany, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic
Agency (BSH), Ice Service |
Baltic: 2 times a week
Western Baltic - North Sea: 3 times a week |
SQL data base. Point obs since1940. Grid of Western Baltic
since 1963. |
Adobe PDF files |
| Icelandic Meteorological Office |
Variable (charts from Icelandic Coast Guard) |
|
|
| Japan Meteorological Agency |
Daily bulletin
Charts every 5 days? |
|
|
| Norwegian Meteorological Institute |
Every weekday: covering eastern Greenland to east Barents
Sea. ~1 a week: High resolution chart covering Svalbard. Every weekday:
SST analysis. |
PCI,IDL
Easi/Pace
ESRI ArcView |
Encapsulated PostScript (eps) format chart
TIFF format chart, and PDF |
| Sweden (SMHI) |
Daily ice charts for the period (approx) 25 Nov - 25 May,
otherwise SST charts twice a week. |
Icemap software (developed by VTT, Finland)
Joint system BSH-FIMR-SMHI |
TIFF, Postscript, Icemap GRID |
| Poland (IMGW) |
Polish coast and Baltic Sea 2-3 times a week |
|
|
| U.S. National Ice Center: Analysis
Products (updated Oct 2005 per P. Seymour) |
| |
- 1. Twice per month ice analysis charts of the Arctic and Antarctic.
The Arctic analysis is done on the weeks during which the 1st and the
15th of the month fall. If there are two weeks between the 1st and
15th, then the Arctic analysis will be completed three times during
that month. Each analysis is produced as both a black and white and
color version. The black and white version depicts ice conditions using
the WMO egg code. The color version is based on total concentration
and also depicts WMO code eggs. The JPEG charts can encompass a whole
sea (e.g.. Beaufort Sea) or part of a sea (e.g. North Greenland). The
.e00 coverage is based on nominal geographic boundaries of seas. The
coverages that correspond to the individual JPEG charts (e.g. Bering
West, Bering East and Kamchatka) are joined together into a complete
sea (e.g. Bering Sea). An ASCII text metadata file describing the imagery
used in the analyses is included for the East Arctic and the West Arctic.
- 2. Each week (beginning Summer 2001) a Northern Hemisphere .e00 Analysis
or Southern Hemisphere .e00 analysis will be placed on the WWW site.
- 3. The Alaskan regional analysis (Beaufort, Chukchi and Bering Seas,
Cook Inlet and the High Arctic West 1 and 2 areas) is completed at
least once a week all year. The Bering, Chukchi and Beaufort Seas and
the Cook Inlet are analyzed twice per week, on Tuesdays and Fridays
when there is an ice edge present. The Tuesday chart which falls on
the 1st and 15th of the month will be part of the hemispheric coverage
for that week.
- 4. Once per week ice analysis of the Great Lakes. This is produced
on Thursdays. The NIC hosts the Great Lakes .gif chart and the .e00
coverage produced by the Canadian Ice Service on Mondays.
- 5. Ice analyses of the Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay region are
produced at least weekly when there is ice present.
- 6. Ice analyses of the Ross Sea are produced at least every other
week but are done weekly during the austral summer navigation season.
|
JPEG Graphic Format and .e00 ESRI Format |
| |
Each week (beginning Summer 2001) a Northern
Hemisphere Analysis or a Southern Hemispheric Analysis in Shapefile (SIGRID
3 Archive) format will be placed on the WWW site by the end of the week |
SHAPE Format |
| |
Daily ice edges of the Northern and Southern
Hemispheres are produced in ASCII format. |
ASCII Text Messages |
| |
Weekly Iceberg List. This is comprised of the
iceberg name, date of last sighting, latitude and longitude of last sighting,
current size and the imagery source type used for the last sighting. This
list encompasses the icebergs currently being tracked. |
Microsoft Word Format |
| |
Spreadsheet of all icebergs tracked by the
National Ice Center. The spreadsheets are divided by the quadrant of the
Southern hemisphere where the iceberg originated and then by individual
iceberg. |
Microsoft Excel Format |
| U.S. National Ice Center: Forecast
Products |
| |
- 1. 30 Day Forecasts for the Arctic. Issued Monthly on or about the
1st of the month and valid the 1st of the following month.
- 2. 30 Day Forecasts for the North American Arctic area is issued
for the period July through December unless the ice cover does not
require the forecasts. These forecasts are comprised of jpeg format
graphics and a text section. They are produced as North American Ice
Service products jointly by the NIC and the CIS.
- 3. 30 Day Forecasts for the Great Lakes are issued near the 1st of
December through March.
- 4. A Long Range Outlook for the Great Lakes is issued near the 1st
of December.
|
GIF Format |
| |
- 1. Seasonal Outlooks for the East and West Arctic. Issued during
the last week in May as a North American Ice Service product. Produced
jointly by the CIS and the NIC.
- 2. Seasonal Outlook for the Ross Sea and McMurdo Sound. Issued in
late October in support of the re-supply of McMurdo station.
|
Microsoft Word Format |
The table below gives a quick overview of products that may be useful in evaluating
climatological trends in sea ice cover. Contact the ice services directly for
more information.
| Ice Service |
Climatological products produced by the ice
service |
Contributions to the Global Digital Sea Ice
Data Bank? (Note - may not include holdings at AARI) |
| Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute |
Numerous, though not always available as digital databases.
For example, probability of ice formation for Black, Caspian, and Azov
Seas.
Mean (and many other statistics) total concentration by decade, 1950-1990,
on AARI GDSIDB Web page. |
1950-1993 in SIGRID (at AARI)
1953-1990 in EASE-Grid (at NSIDC or AARI)
Chart every 10 days |
| Argentine Navy Hydrographic Service |
Data base of point observations back to the1970s or earlier |
1998-2000, point observations in NIC-code in .db format
(like the attribute table for a shape file?)
Ongoing contributions planned. |
| Austrialia (ASPeCt Project) |
|
Not now, but data for 1980-1997 planned. In ASPeCt data
base format. |
| Canadian Ice Service |
Climatic Ice Atlases showing 30-year median of ice concentration
(1968-1998) for Hudson Bay, East Arctic, West Arctic and Canadian east
coast in GIF format on CIS Web site http://ice-glaces.ec.gc.ca/App/WsvPageDsp.cfm?ID=10950&Lang=eng
Other statistical products have been produced for some regions and
are not available on our Web site yet; they include:
Climate charts products
- 30 year median of predominant ice type (1971-2000)
- 30 year frequency of presence of sea ice (1971-2000)
- 30 year frequency of presence of old ice (1971-2000)
- same types as above but for 10 year periods
- dates of freeze-up and break-up
- prototype anomaly charts showing departures from normal conditions
for concentration and ice type; also used for interdecadal comparisons
Bar graphs and trends
- weekly extents and coverages (weekly coverage can be used as chart
severity index)
- total accumulated coverages for a season (used to compare severity
of ice seasons from 1968 to 2000); a variant is total accumulated old
ice
- length of seasons for all years (start of season defined as when
ice reaches a threshold value)
- minimum and maximum ice coverages
Several publications on sea ice climatology in Canadian waters have been
produced; our latest publication is Sea Ice Climatic Atlas - East Coast
of Canada - 1971-2000. |
1968-1998 in SIGRID.
Some earlier data in SIGRID. 1968-1998 in ESRI .e00 format files as well,
with SIGRID attributes (15' resolution).
Ongoing contributions planned. |
| China, State Oceanic Administration |
Maximum annual extent for the Bohai Sea, 1952-present. |
(To be submitted before 2001 mtg) Total and partial concentrations,
stages of development on 0.1 degree grid, 1968 to present. |
| Danish Meteorological Institute |
|
Sample chart from 1990 in original (?) gridded format,
available from AARI.
Ongoing contributions (starting with 1999) planned. |
| Finland Institute of Marine Research, Finnish
Ice Service |
Many climatologies, atlases, and statistics on Baltic sea
ice dating back to 1719 are available from the Baltic
Sea Now site. One example: image showing classification of maximum
extent of ice in Baltic Sea 1720-1995, characterized as extremely mild
to extremely severe. See Note 1.
Digital ice charts from 1994 on.
On-line narrative summary characterizing winter conditions, with graphic
of maximum ice extent (Hard copies back to 1915. Back to season 1995/96
also in http://ice.fmi.fi/main_uk.html). |
Baltic sea ice meeting country - charts contributed as
a group.
SIGRID format (twice a week) 1960-1986.
Postcript format charts 1994 on.
EASE-Grid available from AARI.
Ongoing contributions planned. |
| Germany, Federal Maritime and Hydrographic
Agency (BSH), Ice Service |
On-line narrative summary of ice winter on German coast
and in Baltic Sea area (from 98/99) with images of maximum extent charts.
Ice observations at the German coast between Ems and Oder since 1955. |
Baltic sea ice meeting country - charts contributed as a
group. (See Finland entry for more information). |
| Icelandic Meteorological Office |
|
Not now, but would like to per T. Jakobsson, 10/99 |
| Japan Meteorological Agency |
|
SIGRID format charts 1971-1993.
SIGRID-2 format charts 1994-1999 (Every 5 days).
EASE-Grid available from AARI. |
| Norwegian Meteorological Institute |
Monthly charts of the ice edge. The charts are based on
weekly ice edge data and indicate max, mean, and min ice extent for a month. |
Plan to contribute SIGRID-3 format charts. |
| Sweden (SMHI) |
Ice statistics for fairway sections from 1870.
Ice atlas for entire Baltic covering period 1960-1979 (joint SMHI-FIMR),
Also available in digital format (BASIS and SIGRID).
Icemap GRID for entire Baltic (twice a week) available from Feb 1998. |
Baltic sea ice meeting country - charts contributed as
a group.
Planned contributions:
- Delivery of Icemap GRID data period 1998-1999 to AARI for conversion
into SIGRID format (Oct 2000).
- Delivery of Icemap GRID data remaining period 1980-1997 (autumn 2002).
|
| Poland (IMGW) |
Summary of ice winter on Polish coast (from 1984/85) with
maximum extent charts.
Data Bank of daily ice and meteorological observations along the Polish
coast since 1955, seasonal data on winter ice conditions from 1896/97Baltic
Sea Ice Meeting |
Baltic Sea Ice Meeting |
| U.S. National Ice Center |
Average coverage and extent in sq. kilometers, by week
of the year, for 1972-1994, 1998, and 1999, for regions of Arctic, and
Antarctic.
Archive of all chart products and climatology in ArcInfo, SIGRID, and EASE-Grid
formats on the Environmental Working Group Joint U.S.-Russian Arctic Sea
Ice Atlas at http://nsidc.org/data/g01962.html |
1972-1994 in SIGRID, EASE-Grid on EWG CD-ROM Atlas
Ongoing contributions planned, format TBD. Current data are available as
ESRI e00 and gif files. |
Note to ice services from Florence Fetterer: I hope we can use this section
to showcase, with graphical examples, some of the analyses that ice service
products are used for. I'm looking for images that show, at a glance, changes
in ice conditions over time. CIS's Richard Chagnon has provided the first draft
examples. I hope that we can add many additional examples.
|