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Glossary
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a mountain glacier whose flow is confined by valley walls.
vaneinstrument used to measure wind direction; also called wind vane.
vapor pressurethe pressure exerted by water vapor molecules in a given volume of air.
vein icea comprehensive term for ice of any origin occupying cracks in permafrost.
very close pack icepack ice in which the floes are tightly packed but not frozen together, with very little, if any, sea water visible; ice cover practically 10/10th.
very open pack icepack ice composed of loose, widely spaced floes; ice cover 1/10th to 3/10th.
virgaprecipitation that evaporates before reaching the ground.
viscositya measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow; can be thought of as a measure of fluid friction.
visibilitythe greatest distance that prominent objects can be seen and identified by unaided, normal eyes.
the ratio of the volume of the water and ice in a sample to the volume of the whole sample, expressed as a fraction (or, less commonly, as a percentage).
volumetric heat capacitythe amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a unit volume of a substance by one degree.
volumetric latent heat of fusionthe amount of heat required to melt all the ice (or freeze all the pore water) in a unit volume of soil or rock.
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