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Glossary
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electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength than visible radiation but longer than x-rays; roughly, radiation in the wavelength interval from 10 to 4000 angstroms.
a hard snow surface lying upon a softer layer; may be formed by sun, rain or wind, and is described as breakable crust or unbreakable crust, depending upon wether it will break under the weight of a turning skier.
unfrozen groundsoil or rock that does not contain any ice.
unfrozen water contentthe amount of unfrozen (liquid) water contained in frozen soil or rock.
uniaxial compression testa method to determine the short-term strength of rocks; conducted by employing a constant loading rate until failure; the failure load is used to calculate the failure stress; can also be used to determine the elastic constants of rocks (i.e. Young's modulus, Poisson's ratio).
unstable airair in which static instability prevails; this condition is determined by the vertical gradients of air temperature and humidity.
an observation made in the free atmosphere either directly or indirectly.
the general term applied to the atmosphere above the mesopause.
the advance of a freezing front upwards from the permafrost table during annual freezing of the active layer.
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