Polar Pathfinder Sampler: AVHRR, SMMR-SSM/I, and TOVS Samples and Combined Time Series

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Entry ID

NSIDC-0069

Summary

Notice to Users: Distribution of this data set will be discontinued by 31 December 2009, or earlier, should user requests for the Polar Pathfinder Sampler CD-ROM exceed our supply before that date.

The AVHRR, SMMR-SSM/I and TOVS Polar Pathfinder research teams collaborated to make it as easy as possible to use Polar Pathfinder data sets together by employing a common projection, namely the NSIDC Equal-Area Scalable Earth-Grid (EASE-Grid), and validation methods to develop consistently processed data sets that are easy to combine, compare and contrast. This CD-ROM includes sample data, time-series visualizations, and browse products, for temporal and spatial subsets of the AVHRR, SMMR-SSM/I and TOVS data sets, to illustrate the types of products available for the various data sets.

AVHRR products for both hemispheres, at 1.25 and 5 km resolutions, include calibrated channel data, surface broadband albedo, surface temperature, and ancillary data so that users can apply algorithms of their choice to calculate albedo and surface temperature. To conserve space, the CD-ROM includes 1.25 km AVHRR time-series visualizations, rather than raw data; and 5 km AVHRR sample data (for 8 September 1997), movies and browse images. SMMR-SSM/I parameters, that can be derived from global brightness temperatures, include snow water equivalent, snow extent, seasonal sea ice concentrations, location of multiyear ice, ocean wind speed, cloud liquid water over oceans and water vapor over oceans. The CD-ROM contains a sample data set comprising selected SSM/I brightness temperature data and time files for 8 September 1997 (the same day as in the 5 km AVHRR data, to facilitate comparisons) in each of three projections: Northern and Southern Hemispheres and a global projection. TOVS parameters derived from arctic radiances include atmospheric temperature profiles, water vapor, surface temperature, total effective cloud fraction, cloud top pressure and temperature, turning angle between geostrophic wind and surface stress over ice, emissivity, boundary layer stratification and geostrophic drag coefficient. The CD-ROM includes sample TOVS products for four selected dates in 1988.

The P-Cube is a multidimensional structure combining arctic SSM/I, AVHRR and TOVS data, all mapped to a 100 km resolution EASE-Grid, thereby facilitating study of polar processes and interactions among them using data from multiple sensors. The current prototype version of the P-Cube includes the most important parameters from the three Polar Pathfinders noted above. The Polar Pathfinder Sampler CD-ROM is currently the only source of the P-Cube data; temporal coverage extends from 1 January 1988 to 31 December 1989.

All data at the original resolution are now available. See NOAA/NASA Polar Pathfinder Data or contact User Services for more information.

Data Set Citation

Dataset Creator: NSIDC
Dataset Title: Polar Pathfinder Sampler: AVHRR, SMMR-SSM/I, & TOVS Samples and Combined Time Series
Dataset Release Date: 1999-01-01
Dataset Release Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
Dataset Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Online Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0069.html

Dataset Creator: A. Schweiger, C. Fowler, J. Key, J. Maslanik, J. Francis, R. Armstrong, M.J. Brodzik
Dataset Title: P-Cube: A Multisensor Data Set for Polar Climate Research.
Dataset Series Name: Proceedings of the Fifth Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography
Dataset Publisher: American Meteorological Society

Location Keywords

  • Geographic Region Arctic
  • Geographic Region Polar

Science Keywords

  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Radiation Emissivity
  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Temperature Air Temperature
  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Temperature Skin Temperature
  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Water Vapor Precipitable Water
  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Winds Wind Stress GEOSTROPHIC DRAG COEFFICIENT
  • Atmosphere Atmospheric Winds Wind Stress TURNING ANGLE
  • Atmosphere Clouds Cloud Amount/Frequency EFFECTIVE CLOUD FRACTION
  • Atmosphere Clouds Cloud Top Pressure
  • Atmosphere Clouds Cloud Top Temperature
  • Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
  • Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Motion
  • Cryosphere Snow/Ice Albedo
  • Cryosphere Snow/Ice Snow/Ice Temperature
  • Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
  • Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Motion
  • Spectral/Engineering Infrared Wavelengths Infrared Imagery
  • Spectral/Engineering Infrared Wavelengths Thermal Infrared
  • Spectral/Engineering Microwave Brightness Temperature
  • Spectral/Engineering Visible Wavelengths Visible Imagery
  • Terrestrial Hydrosphere Snow/Ice Albedo
  • Terrestrial Hydrosphere Snow/Ice Snow/Ice Temperature

Ancillary Keywords

  • Ancillary Data
  • Arctic Radiances
  • Atmospheric Temperature Profiles
  • Boundary Layer Stratification
  • Calibrated Channel Data
  • Geostrophic Drag Coefficient
  • Pathfinder
  • Surface Broadband Albedo
  • Surface Temperature
  • Total Effective Cloud Fraction

ISO Topic Category (View Definitions)

  • Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere
  • Oceans

Platform

  • DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
  • NIMBUS-7
  • NOAA POES NOAA Polar Orbiting Environmental Satellites

Instrument

  • AVHRR Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer
  • SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
  • SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
  • TOVS TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder

Project

  • EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data Information System
  • ESIP Earth Science Information Partners Program
  • NOAA/NASA PATHFINDER NOAA/NASA Pathfinder Program

Quality

Data quality and quality control varies among the various products on this CD-ROM. Please see the documentation on the CD-ROM for details of data quality and quality control.

Data Set Progress

COMPLETE

Data Center

National Snow and Ice Data Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org
Data Set ID: NSIDC-0069

Data Center Personnel

Name: NSIDC User Services
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org/daac/index.html
Data Set ID: NSIDC-0069

Data Center Personnel

Name: NSIDC DAAC User Services
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

NSIDC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org/noaa/
Data Set ID: NSIDC-0069

Data Center Personnel

Name: NSIDC NOAA User Services
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

Distribution

Distribution Media: CD-ROM
Distribution Format: HDF, binary, HTML

Personnel

Richard Armstrong
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: +1 (303)-492-6199
Fax: +1 (303)-492-2468
Email: rlax@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: Colorado
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

William Emery
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0431

Chuck Fowler
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
Colorado Center for Astrodynamics Research
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0431

JENNIFER A. FRANCIS
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 206-543-1254
Fax: 206-543-3521
Email: francis@apl.washington.edu
Contact Address:
Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences
Rutgers University
New Brunswick, New Jersey
USA

Terry Haran
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449

Jeffrey Key
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
Space Science and Engineering Center
University of Wisconsin at Madison
1225 W. Dayton St.
City: Madison
Province or State: WI
Postal Code: 53706

SIRI JODHA SINGH KHALSA
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 303-492-1445
Fax: 303-492-2468
Email: nsidc@kryos.colorado.edu
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, Campus Box 449
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449

JIM MASLANIK
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: (303) 492-6199
Fax: (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@kryos.colorado.edu
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309

Ted Scambos
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Email: scambos@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449

AXEL J. SCHWEIGER
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 206-543-1312
Fax: 206-543-3521
Email: axel@apl.washington.edu
Contact Address:
Applied Physics Laboratory
University of Washington
1013 NE 40th Street
City: Seattle
Province or State: WA
Postal Code: 98105-6698
Country: USA

NSIDC USER SERVICES
Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

Related URL

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
NOAA/NASA Polar Pathfinder Data

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Twice-Daily 5 km EASE-Grid Composites

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
DMSP SSM/I Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid Brightness Temperatures

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Twice-Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Composites

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Polar Pathfinder Daily 25 km EASE-Grid Sea Ice Motion Vectors

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
AVHRR Polar Pathfinder Twice-Daily 1.25 km EASE-Grid Composites

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Nimbus-7 SMMR Pathfinder Daily EASE-Grid Brightness Temperatures

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
TOVS Pathfinder Path-P Daily and Monthly Polar Gridded Atmospheric Parameters

Reference

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Agnew, T.A., H. Le, and T. Hirose. 1997. Estimation of large scale Sea ice motion from SSM/I 85.5 GHz imagery. Annals of Glaciol., 25, 305-311.

Armstrong, R.L. and M.J. Brodzik. 1995. An Earth-gridded SSM/I data set For cryospheric studies and global change monitoring. Adv. Space Res. 16(10):155-(10)163.

Brodzik, M. J. 1997. The NSIDC EASE-Grid Map Projection Parameters and Grid Definitions. Unpublished report to the National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder, CO.

Emery, W.J., C.W. Fowler, J. Hawkins, and R.H. Preller. 1991. Satellite image inferred sea ice motion in Fram Strait, the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea. J. Geophys. Res. 96(C3):4,751-4,768.

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Claud, C., J. Ovarlez, A. Chedin, and N. Scott, 1993. TOVS observations of a stratospheric cooling during the CHEOPS 3 campaign: February 4-6, 1990, over Scandinavia. J. of Geophys. Res. 98:7229-43.

Comiso J.C., D.J. Cavalieri, C.L. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen. 1997. Passive microwave algorithms for sea ice concentration: A comparison of two techniques. Remote Sens. Environ. 60:357-384.

Emery, W. J., C. W. Fowler, J. Hawkins, and R. H. Preller. 1991. Satellite image inferred sea ice motion in Fram Strait, the Greenland Sea and the Barents Sea, J. Geophys. Res. 96(C3):4,751-68. (Correction: Emery, W. J. et al. 1991. Correction to 'Fram Strait satellite image-derived ice motions.' Journal of Geophysical Research 96(C5):8917-20).

Emery, W.J., C.W. Fowler, J.A. Maslanik. 1995. Satellite remote sensing of ice motion, In: Oceanographic Applications of Remote Sensing. M. Ikeda and F.W. Dobson (eds.), CRC Press, Boca Raton. 367-379.

Emery, W.J., C. Fowler, and J.A. Maslanik. 1997. Satellite-derived maps of Arctic and Antarctic sea ice motion: 1988 to 1994. Geophys. Res. Lett. 24(8):897-900. Fowler, C., J.A. Maslanik, and W.J. Emery. 1994. Observed and simulated ice motion for an annual cycle in the Beaufort Sea. IGARSS '94, Pasadena, CA, 1303-1305.

Francis, J. A. 1994. Improvements to TOVS retrievals over sea ice and applications to estimating arctic energy fluxes. Journal of Geophysical Research 99(D5):10,395-408.

Francis, J. A., and A. J. Schweiger. 1999. The NASA/NOAA TOVS Polar Pathfinder: 18 years of arctic Data. Proceedings of the 5th Conference on Polar Meteorology and Oceanography, Dallas, TX, Jan 10-15, 1999. Galantowicz, J. F., A. W. England. 1991. The Michigan Earth Grid: Description, Registration Method for SSM/I Data, and Derivative Map Projections. Radiation Laboratory, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Technical Report 027396-2-T. University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

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Goodison, B.E. 1989. Determination of areal snow water equivalent on the Canadian prairies using passive microwave satellite data. IGARSS '89, Proceedings 3:1243-1246.

Hahn, C. J, S.G. Warren and J. London, 1995. The Effect of moonlight on observation of cloud cover at night, and application to cloud climatology. J. Climate 8(Part II):1429-46.

Hollinger, J. P., J. L. Pierce, G. A. Poe. 1990. SSM/I Instrument Evaluation. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 28(5):781-790.

Hutchinson, T. and T. Scambos. 1997. High-Resolution Polar Climate Parameters Derived from 1-km AVHRR Data. American Meteorological Society 18.7, 8th Global Change Studies, pp. 284-289. Key, J. 1998. Cloud and surface parameter retrieval (CASPR) system for polar AVHRR: User's guide. Technical Report 96-02, Boston, MA, Boston University, Department of Geography, Boston Univ.

Key, J.R., J.B. Collins, C. Fowler, and R.S. Stone. 1997. High-latitude surface temperature estimates from thermal satellite data. Remote Sens. Environ. 63:302-309.

Key, J.R., and M. Haefliger. 1992. Arctic ice surface temperature retrieval from AVHRR thermal channels. J. Geophys. Res. 97(D5):5885-5893.

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Kwok, R., A. Schweiger, D.A. Rothrock, S. Pang, and C. Kottmeier. 1998. Sea ice motion from satellite passive microwave imagery assessed with ERS SAR and buoy motions. J. Geophys. Res. 103(C4):8191-8214.

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Liu, A.K. and D.J. Cavalieri. 1998. On sea ice drift from the wavelet analysis of the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) data. Int. J. Remote Sensing. 19(7):1415-1423.

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Meier, W;N., J.A. Maslanik, J.R. Key, and C.W. W. Fowler. 1997. Multiparameter AVHRR-derived products for Arctic climate studies. Earth Interactions. 1.

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Schweiger, A. J. and J. Key. 1994. Arctic Ocean Radiative Fluxes and Cloud Forcing Estimated from the ISCCP C2 Cloud Dataset, 1983-1990. J. Applied Meteorology 33:948-63.

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Metadata Name and Version

Metadata Name: CEOS IDN DIF
Metadata Version: 9.7

Creation and Review Dates

DIF Creation Date: 1999-01-01
Last DIF Revision Date: 2009-02-19

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