Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data

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Entry ID

NSIDC-0051

Summary

This data set is generated from brightness temperature data derived from Nimbus-7 Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) and Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) -F8, -F11 and -F13 Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) radiances at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. The data are provided in the polar stereographic projection.

This product is designed to provide a consistent time series of sea ice concentrations (the fraction, or percentage, of ocean area covered by sea ice) spanning the coverage of several passive microwave instruments. To aid in this goal, sea ice algorithm coefficients are changed to reduce differences in sea ice extent and area as estimated using the SMMR and SSM/I sensors. The data are generated using the NASA Team algorithm developed by the Oceans and Ice Branch, Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC).

These data include gridded daily (every other day for SMMR data) and monthly averaged sea ice concentrations for both the north and south polar regions. Two types of data are provided: final data and preliminary data. Final data are produced at GSFC about once per year, with roughly a one-year latency, and include data since 26 October 1978. Final data are produced from SMMR brightness temperature data processed at NASA GSFC and SSM/I brightness temperature data processed at the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC). Preliminary data are produced at NSIDC approximately every three months (quarterly), using SSM/I data acquired from Remote Sensing Systems, Inc. (RSS), and include roughly the most recent three to twelve months of processed data.

Data are scaled and stored as one-byte integers in flat binary arrays. For each data file, a corresponding PNG browse image file is provided. Data are available via FTP.

While the final and preliminary data are reasonably consistent, the particular type of data used for any publication, presentation, or other application should be clearly stated. The citation to use depends on whether final or preliminary data were used; if both were used, please cite each type.

Data Set Citation

Dataset Creator: Meier, Walt
Dataset Title: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data
Dataset Release Date: 2006-01-01, updated quarterly
Dataset Release Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
Dataset Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Version: Preliminary data
Data Presentation Form: Digital media
Online Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html

Dataset Creator: Cavalieri
Dataset Title: Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data
Dataset Release Date: 1996-01-01, updated yearly
Dataset Release Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
Dataset Publisher: National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC)
Version: Final data
Data Presentation Form: Digital media
Online Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html

Temporal Coverage

Start Date: 1978-10-26
Stop Date: 1987-08-20

Start Date: 1987-07-09
Stop Date: 1991-12-31

Start Date: 1991-12-03
Stop Date: 1995-09-30

Start Date: 1995-05-03

Data Resolution

Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: Daily

Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: Monthly

Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: Every other day

Location Keywords

• Geographic Region Polar

Science Keywords

• Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
• Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration

Ancillary Keywords

• Antarctic
• Arctic
• Brightness Temperature
• DMSP
• EOSDIS
• Gridded Data
• Ice
• Multiyear Sea Ice Concentration
• NIMBUS-7
• NSIDC DAAC
• Passive Microwave
• Polar
• Polar Stereographic
• Polynyas
• Remote Sensing
• Sea Ice
• Sea Ice Concentration
• SMMR
• SSM/I

ISO Topic Category (View Definitions)

• Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere
• Oceans

Platform

• DMSP 5D-2/F11 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11
• DMSP 5D-2/F13 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13
• DMSP 5D-2/F8 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8
• NIMBUS-7

Instrument

• SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
• SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager

Project

• EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data Information System
• ESIP Earth Science Information Partners Program

Quality

NSIDC staff visually checks the entire set of data files and selected graphics files. This includes checks for proper file structure, comparisons to existing SMMR- and SSM/I-derived sea ice concentration grids, masks, and information files, and examination of data quality.

Some weather-related effects and land contamination are still present. The amount and spatial distribution of those remaining weather effects varies with season. Also, occasional bad scan lines still appear in the data. Based on NSIDC analyses (see NSIDC Special Report 5: An Intercomparison of DMSP F11- and F13-derived Sea Ice Products for summaries of differences among the SSM/I sensors), some sensor-to-sensor differences are likely to remain in these data, particularly for marginal ice zones.

During May 1986, residual weather effects and processing errors result in large bands of very low ice concentrations over the open ocean in the Weddell, Bellingshausen, and Amundsen seas in the Southern Hemisphere. Although the magnitude of these

Data Set Progress

IN WORK

Data Center

National Snow and Ice Data Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org
Data Set ID: NSIDC-0051

Data Center Personnel

Name: NSIDC User Services
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

NSIDC Distributed Active Archive Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org/daac/index.html
Data Set ID: NSIDC-0051

Data Center Personnel

Name: NSIDC DAAC User Services
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

Distribution

Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Format: PNG

Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Size: 105212 bytes per southern file
Distribution Format: binary

Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Size: 136492 bytes per northern file
Distribution Format: binary

Personnel

NSIDC USER SERVICES
Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone: +1 (303) 492-6199
Fax: +1 (303) 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

CLAIRE L. PARKINSON
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 301 614-5715
Fax: (301) 614-5644
Email: clairep@neptune.gsfc.nasa.gov
Contact Address:
Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 971
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771

PER GLOERSEN
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: (301) 614-5710
Fax: (301) 614-5644
Email: per.gloersen@gsfc.nasa.gov
Contact Address:
Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 971
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771

H. Jay ZWALLY
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 301-614-5643
Fax: 301-614-5644
Email: Jay.Zwally@nasa.gov
Contact Address:
Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 971
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771
Country: USA

DONALD CAVALIERI
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: (301) 614-5901
Fax: (301) 614-5644
Email: don@cavalieri.gsfc.nasa.gov
Contact Address:
Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
Code 971
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771

Walt Meier
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Email: walt@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309
Country: USA

F. Fetterer
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Email: fetterer@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
449 UCB
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309
Country: USA

Kenneth W. Knowles
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

Matthew H. Savoie
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Email: savoie@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA

Mary J. Brodzik
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Email: brodzik@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
National Snow and Ice Data Center
CIRES, 449 UCB
University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449

Related URL

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION

VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Sea Ice Remote Sensing at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center

Reference

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Comiso, J.C., T.C. Grenfell, D. Bell, M. Lange, and S. Ackley. 1989. Passive microwave in-situ T.C. Grenfell, D. Bell, M. Lange, and S. Ackley. 1989. Passive microwave in-situ T.C. Grenfell, D. Bell, M. Lange, and S. Ackley. 1989. Passive microwave in-situ observations of Weddell Sea ice. Journal of 1989. Passive microwave in-situ observations of Weddell Sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research observations of Weddell Sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Geophysical Research observations of Weddell Sea ice. Journal of Geophysical Research 88(C12):7686-7704.

Comiso, J.C., T.C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, Research 88(C12):7686-7704.

Comiso, J.C., T.C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, R. 88(C12):7686-7704.

Comiso, J.C., T.C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, R. R. 88(C12):7686-7704.

Comiso, J.C., T.C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, R. Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave remote sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Cover. Chapt. 12 In: Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Frank Carsey, editor. Cover. Chapt. 12 In: Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Frank Carsey, editor. Cover. Chapt. 12 In: Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Frank Carsey, editor. Cover. Chapt. 12 In: Microwave remote sensing of sea ice. Frank Carsey, editor. American Geophysical Union. Washington, D.C. 243-259.

Comiso, J.C., P. Wadhams, American Geophysical Union. Washington, D.C. 243-259.

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