Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal (A-CAP) The National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) Antarctic Cryosphere Access Portal (A-CAP) is a map server that provides data and information pertinent to the frozen regions of the Antarctic ice sheet and the Southern Ocean, including monthly climatologies of sea ice extent and concentration, ice sheet elevation and accumulation, satellite imagery, and more. In addition to providing map images and source data through Open Geospatial Consortium, Inc. (OGC) protocols--Web Map Service (WMS), Web Feature Service (WFS), and Web Coverage Service (WCS)--a dynamic Web interface for exploring these data is also available at http://nsidc.org/agdc/acap/. If you have questions, comments or suggestions, please contact NSIDC User Services at +1.303.492.6199 or nsidc@nsidc.org. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Fronts Glacial Landforms/Processes Glaciers Ice Sheets Oceans Ocean Circulation Ocean Currents Polar Southern Hemisphere OGC WFS 1.1.0 none none National Snow and Ice Data Center NSIDC User Services User Services +1 303.492.6199 +1 303.492.2468 CIRES, 449 UCB, University of Colorado Boulder CO 80309-0449 USA nsidc@nsidc.org Our hours of operation are 9:00 A.M. to 5:00 P.M., U.S. Mountain Time, Monday through Friday. We are closed on most major United States holidays. None. resourceProvider WFS 1.0.0 1.1.0 text/xml XMLSCHEMA text/xml; subtype=gml/2.1.2 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 results text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 Query antarctica_ice_shelves Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Ice Shelves Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.332574695053 -68.1109610327008 179.438235330196 -52.3100104724043 antarctica_continent Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Ice Shelves Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.332574695053 -68.1109610327008 179.438235330196 -52.3100104724043 antarctica_islands Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Ice Shelves Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -178.966964923689 -68.8638845860958 179.806443615543 -57.2080559169996 land_excluding_antarctica Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3): Coastlines. Palisades, NY, USA: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw. 19 January 2007. Background: Coastlines derived from the Gridded Population of the World (GPW) land area grid at 2.5 arc-minute resolution. Permanent ice and all but large lakes have been merged with neighbouring polygons to make a layer more appropriate for cartographic visualization of the data. Does not include Antarctica. Coastlines Global Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.985929933454 -89.5363509668979 178.856376203479 89.6900159385109 nsidc-0099.elevation Blankenship, D. D., D. L. Morse, C. A. Finn, R. E. Bell, M. E. Peters, S. D. Kempf, et al. 2001. Ice thickness and surface elevation, southeastern Ross Embayment, West Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0099.html. Accessed 05 December 2008. Background: Ice surface elevation and ice thickness data are available for a portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The investigators utilized a laser altimeter and ice-penetrating radar mounted to a Twin Otter aircraft to survey the ice sheet. These data are a result of the Corridor Aerogeophysics of the Southeastern Ross Transect Zone (CASERTZ) experiments of the 1990s. The CASERTZ geophysical surveys were aimed at understanding geological controls on ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, ultimately to help assess the potential for ice sheet collapse. Time period: 1991/92, 1992/93, and 1995/96. Flight tracks: 116. Sample points: 53,170. Spacing: ~8 m. Units: m (vs. WGS84 ellipsoid). Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -139.810741756738 -85.2215251829498 -99.4878162674261 -79.9521360603455 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0099 nsidc-0099.ice_thickness Blankenship, D. D., D. L. Morse, C. A. Finn, R. E. Bell, M. E. Peters, S. D. Kempf, et al. 2001. Ice thickness and surface elevation, southeastern Ross Embayment, West Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0099.html. Accessed 05 December 2008. Background: Ice surface elevation and ice thickness data are available for a portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The investigators utilized a laser altimeter and ice-penetrating radar mounted to a Twin Otter aircraft to survey the ice sheet. These data are a result of the Corridor Aerogeophysics of the Southeastern Ross Transect Zone (CASERTZ) experiments of the 1990s. The CASERTZ geophysical surveys were aimed at understanding geological controls on ice streams of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, ultimately to help assess the potential for ice sheet collapse. Time period: 1991/92, 1992/93, and 1995/96. Flight tracks: 116. Sample points: 32,813. Spacing: ~12-30 m. Units: m. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Thickness Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -139.228343143819 -85.161130069999 -99.6473290381503 -80.0932835626895 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0099 nsidc-0119.elevation.highres Luyendyk, B. and D. Wilson. 2003. Surface elevation and ice thickness, western Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0119.html. Accessed 23 December 2008. Background: This layer provides surface elevation data for a portion of the Marie Byrd Land sector of West Antarctica, including the Ford Ranges, the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, much of the Edward VII Peninsula, and the Shirase Coast region of the eastern Ross Ice Shelf. The investigators used laser altimetry from a Twin Otter aircraft flying at varying altitudes, at least 300 m above the surface, at an air speed of about 130 knots. Time period: 25-27 December 1998. Flight tracks: 64. Track spacing: either 5.3 or 10.6 km. Sample points: 2,536,493. Sample spacing: ~10 m. Units: m (vs. WGS84 ellipsoid). Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -157.67324 -80.605186 -136.08022 -75.579264 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0119 nsidc-0119.ice_thickness.highres Luyendyk, B. and D. Wilson. 2003. Surface elevation and ice thickness, western Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0119.html. Accessed 23 December 2008. Background: This layer provides ice thickness data for a portion of the Marie Byrd Land sector of West Antarctica, including the Ford Ranges, the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, much of the Edward VII Peninsula, and the Shirase Coast region of the eastern Ross Ice Shelf. The investigators used radar sounding from a Twin Otter aircraft flying at varying altitudes, at least 300 m above the surface, at an air speed of about 130 knots. Time period: 25-27 December 1998. Flight tracks: 64. Track spacing: either 5.3 or 10.6 km. Sample points: 1,882,811. Sample spacing: ~10 m. Units: m. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Thickness Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -157.67324 -80.493037 -136.08022 -75.684188 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0119 nsidc-0292.bedrock_elevation Holt, J. W., D. D. Blankenship, and D. L. Morse. 2006. Subglacial topography: airborne geophysical survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0292.html. Accessed 21 July 2008. Background: This data set includes 5 km gridded data from the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica (AGASEA) conducted during the 2004-2005 austral summer. Investigators derived maps of the ice sheet surface and subglacial topography, which covers the entire catchments of both the Thwaites Glacier and the Pine Islands Glacier, from airborne survey systems mounted on a Twin Otter aircraft. The surveys had sufficient density to identify critical ice dynamic transitions within the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE). Instruments: airborne radar--High-Capability Radar Sounder (HICARS) and PASIN. Sample Points: 31,171. Antarctica Bedrock Elevation Cryosphere Earth Science Glaciers Glacier Elevation Glacier Thickness Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Ice Sheet Thickness Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.336688862916 -68.0467784363201 179.43431746474 -52.2012017832454 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0292 nsidc-0292.ice_thickness Holt, J. W., D. D. Blankenship, and D. L. Morse. 2006. Subglacial topography: airborne geophysical survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0292.html. Accessed 21 July 2008. Background: This data set includes 5 km gridded data from the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica (AGASEA) conducted during the 2004-2005 austral summer. Investigators derived maps of the ice sheet surface and subglacial topography, which covers the entire catchments of both the Thwaites Glacier and the Pine Islands Glacier, from airborne survey systems mounted on a Twin Otter aircraft. The surveys had sufficient density to identify critical ice dynamic transitions within the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE). Instruments: airborne radar--High-Capability Radar Sounder (HICARS) and PASIN. Sample Points: 31,171. Antarctica Bedrock Elevation Cryosphere Earth Science Glaciers Glacier Elevation Glacier Thickness Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Ice Sheet Thickness Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.336688862916 -68.0467784363201 179.43431746474 -52.2012017832454 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0292 nsidc-0323.oxygen Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Stable isotopes of ice on the surface of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0323.html. Accessed 13 August 2008. Background: This data set contains Oxygen and Deuterium isotope ratios for approximately 980 sites on the surface of the ablation zone of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. The data set gives latitude and longitude of collection, Oxygen ratio (18/16) in per mil, and Deuterium ratio (H/D) in per mil. Sample Points: 983. Sample Depth: 10 cm. Transect Length: 28 km. This layer provides the WMS for the Oxygen isotope ratio and the WFS for both ratios. Ablation Rate Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Deuterium Earth Science Glaciers Ice Sheets Isotopes Oxygen Polar Snow Stable Isotopes Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 161.09627 -77.86513 162.21936 -77.72596 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0323 nsidc-0323.deuterium Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Stable isotopes of ice on the surface of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0323.html. Accessed 13 August 2008. Background: This data set contains Oxygen and Deuterium isotope ratios for approximately 980 sites on the surface of the ablation zone of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. The data set gives latitude and longitude of collection, Oxygen ratio (18/16) in per mil, and Deuterium ratio (H/D) in per mil. Sample Points: 983. Sample Depth: 10 cm. Transect Length: 28 km. This layer provides the WMS for the Deuterium isotope ratio and the WFS for both ratios. Ablation Rate Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Deuterium Earth Science Glaciers Ice Sheets Isotopes Oxygen Polar Snow Stable Isotopes Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 161.09627 -77.86513 162.21936 -77.72596 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0323 nsidc-0324.elevation Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Availabled at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0324.html. Accessed 22 December 2008. Background: This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. Sample Points: 276. The data set includes the elevation, the velocity magnitude, the east component of velocity, the north component of velocity, and the vertical component of velocity. Instrument: differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Elevation Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.159628 -77.900124 162.155951 -77.641752 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0324 nsidc-0324.velocity_magnitude Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Availabled at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0324.html. Accessed 22 December 2008. Background: This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. Sample Points: 276. The data set includes the elevation, the velocity magnitude, the east component of velocity, the north component of velocity, and the vertical component of velocity. Instrument: differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Elevation Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.159628 -77.900124 162.155951 -77.641752 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0324 nsidc-0324.velocity_east_component Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Availabled at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0324.html. Accessed 22 December 2008. Background: This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. Sample Points: 276. The data set includes the elevation, the velocity magnitude, the east component of velocity, the north component of velocity, and the vertical component of velocity. Instrument: differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Elevation Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.159628 -77.900124 162.155951 -77.641752 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0324 nsidc-0324.velocity_north_component Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Availabled at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0324.html. Accessed 22 December 2008. Background: This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. Sample Points: 276. The data set includes the elevation, the velocity magnitude, the east component of velocity, the north component of velocity, and the vertical component of velocity. Instrument: differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Elevation Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.159628 -77.900124 162.155951 -77.641752 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0324 nsidc-0324.velocity_vertical_component Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, J. Kavanaugh, and S. Aciego. 2007. Surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Availabled at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0324.html. Accessed 22 December 2008. Background: This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. Sample Points: 276. The data set includes the elevation, the velocity magnitude, the east component of velocity, the north component of velocity, and the vertical component of velocity. Instrument: differential Global Positioning System (GPS). Ablation Zones Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Elevation Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar Taylor Glacier EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.159628 -77.900124 162.155951 -77.641752 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0324 nsidc-0326 Cuffey, K., A. Bliss, and J. Kavanaugh. 2007. Ablation rates of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0292.html. Accessed 26 November 2008. Background: This data set provides glacier surface ablation rates for a network of approximately 250 sites on Taylor Glacier, for year 2003. Here sublimation is the dominant ablation mechanism, though a few sites have accumulation. Ablation Zones/Accumulation Zones Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glaciers Ice Sheets Polar Snow/Ice EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.15998727 -77.90004894 162.15622217 -77.64175647 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0326 nsidc-0334.highres Young, D. A., S. D. Kempf, D. D. Blankenship, J. W. Holt, and D. L. Morse. 2008. Airborne laser altimetry of the Thwaites Glacier Catchment, West Antarctica Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0334.html. Accessed 05 December 2008. Background: This data set includes airborne altimetry collected over the catchment and main trunk of Thwaites Glacier, one of Antarctica's most active ice streams. The airborne altimetry comprises 35,000 line-kilometers sampled at 20 meters along track. The full dataset has an internal error of +/-20 cm; a primary subset has an error of +/-8 cm. We find a +20 cm bias with Geoscience Laser Altimeter System data over a flat interior region. These data will serve as an additional temporal reference for the evolution of Thwaites Glacier surface, as well as aid the construction of future high resolution Digital Elevation Models (DEM). Time Period: 10 December 2004 through 29 January 2005. Track Spacing: typically 15 km. Sample Points: 1,600,801. Sample Spacing: 20 m. Units: m surface elevation (vs. WGS84 ellipsoid). This layer is a reduced resolution grid (750 m) of linearly interpolated values. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -128.422686 -79.20292 -97.897645 -74.605032 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0334 velmap_amery_1968_1991 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Allison, Ian. 1979. The mass budget of the Lambert Glacier drainage basin, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 22(87): 223-235. Other citations. Instrument: GPS, tacheometer, theodolite. Time Period: Dec. 1968 to Jan. 1991. Sample Points: 137. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 51.3963792787605 -75.2378287423578 74.9032874392938 -67.3208762089511 velmap_amery_1990_1995 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Allison, Ian. 1979. The mass budget of the Lambert Glacier drainage basin, Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 22(87): 223-235. Other citations. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: 1990-1995. Sample Points: 73. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 49.01592618817 -77.4842365883963 79.3117380440893 -67.9603114990327 velmap_byrd_1978_1979 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Brecher, Henry H. 1982. Photogrammetric determination of surface velocities and elevations on Byrd Glacier. Antarctic Journal of the United States 17(5): 79-81. Other citations. Instrument: aerial photography. Time Period: Dec. 6, 1978 to Jan. 31, 1979. Sample Points: 470. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 155.884306499402 -80.8838948589974 161.69160736038 -79.8697315342619 velmap_crane_1202_0203 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Dec. 18, 2002 to Feb. 20, 2003. Sample Points: 6482. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.6028827784127 -65.4199142969837 -62.1292879847708 -65.2636619647627 velmap_crane_0402_1202 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Apr. 6, 2002 to Dec. 18, 2002. Sample Points: 1594. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.5071514416341 -65.3889844080591 -62.1487559806109 -65.2775231078765 velmap_crane_0402_0203 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Apr. 6, 2002 to Feb. 20, 2003. Sample Points: 1013. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.5732983912392 -65.4109549397226 -62.1386478348996 -65.2765874768042 velmap_crane_1201_1202 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Dec. 6, 2001 to Dec. 18, 2002. Sample Points: 419. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.2325987985637 -65.351868582618 -62.1398356568799 -65.3139106685947 velmap_crane_0100_1201 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 27, 2000 to Dec. 6, 2001. Sample Points: 238. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.2773081967917 -65.3539452362583 -62.1461386710559 -65.3103701201614 velmap_crane_0100_0402 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 27, 2000 to Apr. 6, 2002. Sample Points: 115. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.2015686393758 -65.3303638159222 -62.1444594187484 -65.3077430552199 velmap_crane_1201_0402 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Scambos, T. A., J. A. Bohlander, C. A. Shuman, and P. Skvarca. 2004. Glacier acceleration and thinning after ice shelf collapse in the Larsen B embayment, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters 31, L18402, doi:10.1029/2004GL020670; Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Dec. 6, 2001 to Apr. 6, 2002. Sample Points: 178. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -62.4414471298142 -65.3767100570959 -62.1567010714428 -65.2957865589104 velmap_david_1990_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Frezzotti M., A. Capra, and L. Vittuari. 1998. Comparison between glacier ice velocities inferred from GPS and sequential satellite images. Annals of Glaciology 27: 54-60. Other citations. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 17, 1990 to Jan. 14, 1992. Sample Points: 965. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 159.382030560363 -75.7770767730871 165.341168127163 -74.8531679868676 velmap_fris_1986_1994 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Vaughan, D. G. and M. Jonas. 1996. Measurements of velocity of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme (FRISP) Report No. 10. Compiled by Hans Oerter. Bremerhaven, Germany: Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). pp. 111-116. Other citations. Instrument: Landsat MMS, ERS-1 SAR. Time Period: 1986-1994. Sample Points: 228. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -82.5485370412831 -83.0252974872999 -36.1110640360648 -73.8245334908416 velmap_fris_1980_1993 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Vaughan, D. G. and M. Jonas. 1996. Measurements of velocity of Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf. Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelf Programme (FRISP) Report No. 10. Compiled by Hans Oerter. Bremerhaven, Germany: Alfred Wegener Institute (AWI). pp. 111-116. Other citations. Instrument: geodetic surveys, GPS, satellite imagery. Time Period: 1980-1993. Sample Points: 92. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -83.9054516534941 -83.9280171313597 -30.8018030541355 -73.2249609275178 velmap_institute_1986_1989 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Feb. 16, 1986 to Jan. 15, 1989. Sample Points: 7829. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -78.4630913499989 -82.1893330535438 -67.7943141591036 -80.4355792238505 velmap_larsenb_1997_1999 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Skvarca, P., W. Rack and H. Rott. 1999. 34 year satellite time series to monitor characteristics, extent and dynamics of Larsen B Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. Annals of Glaciology 29: 255-260. Other citations. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Sep. 29, 1997 to Sep. 23, 1999. Sample Points: 19. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -61.8010725338161 -65.8911327155943 -59.3512730580295 -64.9070424411737 velmap_mertz_0200_1201 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Berthier, E., B. Raup, and T. Scambos. 2003. New velocity map and mass-balance estimate of Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica, derived from Landsat sequential imagery. Journal of Glaciology 49(167): 503-511. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Feb. 26, 2000 to Dec. 13, 2001. Sample Points: 16669. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 142.856009051768 -68.4979364678983 145.766701737412 -67.3395757915044 velmap_mertz_0189_0200 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Berthier, E., B. Raup, and T. Scambos. 2003. New velocity map and mass-balance estimate of Mertz Glacier, East Antarctica, derived from Landsat sequential imagery. Journal of Glaciology 49(167): 503-511. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 2, 1989 to Feb. 26, 2000. Sample Points: 431. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 143.14703482024 -68.3400734399437 145.443132640757 -67.4052616930862 velmap_mizuho_1969_1974 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Takahashi, S. 1997. Ice sheet dynamics. In Antarctica: East Queen Maud Land - Enderby Land Glaciological Folio. Tokyo, Japan: National Institute of Polar Research. Other citations. Instrument: tacheometer, theodolite. Time Period: Dec. 15, 1969 to Jan. 15, 1974. Sample Points: 140. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 36.1880556 -73.0259625253025 43.183146568218 -70.8522512538706 velmap_pine_1986_1988 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Dec. 21, 1986 to Dec. 18, 1988. Sample Points: 1175. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -101.874220406961 -75.5309840098668 -99.1747219753695 -74.6801788517574 velmap_pine_1973_1975 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 24, 1973 to Feb. 13, 1975. Sample Points: 52. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -101.462410625521 -75.1866786413954 -100.053082241517 -74.9763082547767 velmap_prestrud_1987_1989 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 14, 1987 to Mar. 16, 1989. Sample Points: 2933. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -158.101926745275 -78.8245553238654 -153.055018924846 -77.9848714257784 velmap_priestley_1990_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Frezzotti M., A. Capra, and L. Vittuari. 1998. Comparison between glacier ice velocities inferred from GPS and sequential satellite images. Annals of Glaciology 27: 54-60. Other citations. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 17, 1990 to Jan. 14, 1992. Sample Points: 406. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 161.745114708028 -74.5252 163.950375069456 -74.007963537425 velmap_reeves_1988_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Frezzotti M., A. Capra, and L. Vittuari. 1998. Comparison between glacier ice velocities inferred from GPS and sequential satellite images. Annals of Glaciology 27: 54-60. Other citations. Instrument: Landsat, SPOT. Time Period: Dec. 19, 1988 to Jan. 14, 1992. Sample Points: 408. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 161.72044064431 -75.1724052595073 163.917415683997 -74.6237427359288 velmap_riggs_actual_1960_1977 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Thomas, R. H., D. R. MacAyeal, D. H. Eilers, and D. R. Gaylord. 1984. Glaciological studies on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, 1972-1978. In The Ross Ice Shelf: Glaciology and Geophysics. Antarctic Research Series, Volume 42, Paper 2, 21-53. Instrument: satellite positioning (Transit/NavSat). Time Period: 1960-1977. Sample Points: 72. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.764417194958 -84.5014933982544 179.88162931185 -76.8688239822984 velmap_riggs_interpolated_1956_1977 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Thomas, R. H., D. R. MacAyeal, D. H. Eilers, and D. R. Gaylord. 1984. Glaciological studies on the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, 1972-1978. In The Ross Ice Shelf: Glaciology and Geophysics. Antarctic Research Series, Volume 42, Paper 2, 21-53. Instrument: satellite positioning (Transit/NavSat). Time Period: 1956-1977. Sample Points: 77. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.741712322511 -84.965832930319 179.922137224545 -76.9596249555171 velmap_ross_nw_0389_1289 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Mar. 15, 1989 to Dec. 28, 1989. Sample Points: 968. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 160.231695492864 -80.1226173113344 171.704693640687 -78.5506746876634 velmap_siple_catchment_1984_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Price, S. F. and I. M. Whillans. 1998. Delineation of a catchment boundary using velocity and elevation measurements. Annals of Glaciology 27: 140-144. Other citations. Instrument: satellite positioning (Transit/NavSat). Time Period: 1984-1992. Sample Points: 125. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -175.488499140416 -88.4011156897647 -98.150365780859 -77.1614963194668 velmap_siple_dome_1994_1996 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Nereson, N. 1998. The Flow history of Siple Dome and Ice Streams C and D, West Antarctica: Inferences from geophysical measurements and ice flow models. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Dec. 5, 1994 to Dec. 6, 1996. Sample Points: 88. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -150.547385871163 -81.7812678999999 -145.443046066454 -81.0844019999998 velmap_siple_dome_1996_1997 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Nereson, N. 1998. The Flow history of Siple Dome and Ice Streams C and D, West Antarctica: Inferences from geophysical measurements and ice flow models. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Nov. 22, 1996 to Nov. 19, 1997. Sample Points: 29. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -151.945935801464 -82.3911854999999 -146.726976898203 -81.6543389999999 velmap_siple_dome_1994_1997 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Nereson, N. 1998. The Flow history of Siple Dome and Ice Streams C and D, West Antarctica: Inferences from geophysical measurements and ice flow models. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Washington. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Dec. 5, 1994 to Nov. 19, 1997. Sample Points: 4. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -149.389954348024 -81.7812678999999 -148.487450653537 -81.6543389999999 velmap_streamb_1984_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Whillans, I. M. and C. J. Van Der Veen. 1993. New and improved determinations of velocity of Ice Streams B and C, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 39(133): 483-490. Instrument: satellite positioning (Transit/NavSat). Time Period: 1984-1992. Sample Points: 83. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -175.108161956115 -86.4370011625736 -117.74955407318 -80.2766184185502 velmap_streamc_1996_1997 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Engelhardt, E. 2001. Ice velocities of Ice Stream C. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Nov. 16, 1996 to Jan. 13, 1997. Sample Points: 86. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -139.324976942662 -82.7550203361 -132.435305203263 -81.8282904443999 velmap_streamc_2000_2001 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Engelhardt, E. 2001. Ice velocities of Ice Stream C. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Nov. 19, 2000 to Jan. 21, 2001. Sample Points: 92. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -137.920485763712 -82.5691018362565 -134.917989028019 -82.1700500999999 velmap_streamde_1987_1988 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 16, 1987 to Dec. 12, 1988. Sample Points: 23482. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -148.500287363922 -81.8746319334072 -134.935872137286 -79.6242980983945 velmap_streamd_lower_1985_1991 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity and mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 24, 1985 to Dec. 12, 1991. Sample Points: 1522. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -141.457591665384 -81.7651566831805 -133.984473157068 -80.6093247233947 velmap_streamd_lower_1994_1995 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: SPOT. Time Period: Jan. 20, 1994 to Dec. 9, 1995. Sample Points: 14659. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -148.498891773842 -81.3651305420339 -142.890831635489 -80.49032031984 velmap_streamd_upper_1987_1991 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity and mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 15, 1987 to Dec. 12, 1991. Sample Points: 3537. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -135.478891155727 -81.8109188199868 -126.065198947284 -80.3173490113195 velmap_streamde_lower_1987_1989 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 15, 1987 to Feb. 15, 1989. Sample Points: 5831. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -156.750734988013 -81.4180319666019 -149.431007840908 -80.5261103304539 velmap_streamde_lower_1987_1990 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 15, 1987 to Feb. 5, 1990. Sample Points: 9554. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -158.182475478946 -81.2097383518489 -149.989290364911 -79.5696566755215 velmap_streamde_lower_1989_1990 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Feb. 15, 1989 to Feb. 5, 1990. Sample Points: 2273. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -154.348797594739 -80.8941279525175 -147.866701064516 -79.6472255429374 velmap_streame_lower_1987_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 17, 1987 to Jan. 31, 1992. Sample Points: 20916. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -150.264967668505 -80.9887436590034 -139.268642753611 -79.1573202367419 velmap_streame_upper_1987_1992 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Bindschadler, R. A., P. Vornberger, D. Blankenship, T. Scambos, and R. Jacobel. 1996. Surface velocity an d mass balance of Ice Streams D and E, West Antarctica. Journal of Glaciology 42(142): 461-475. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 17, 1987 to Jan. 31, 1992. Sample Points: 8267. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -143.27471471574 -80.1445954911688 -133.422081087172 -78.3205612710793 velmap_streamf_1987_1990 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 14, 1987 to Feb. 5, 1990. Sample Points: 5158. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -153.446754317858 -79.5492328582755 -147.196753248477 -78.5516976424712 velmap_sulzberger_1986_1989 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Dec. 11, 1986 to Mar. 16, 1989. Sample Points: 2430. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -152.252558944068 -77.958398097825 -148.068506178975 -76.9701260920478 velmap_thwaites_1988_1990 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009. Instrument: Landsat. Time Period: Jan. 22, 1988 to Jan. 11, 1990. Sample Points: 2800. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -109.044277050129 -75.4969480890138 -103.94630251125 -74.4749016957425 velmap_tnb_1991_1994 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Frezzotti M., A. Capra, and L. Vittuari. 1998. Comparison between glacier ice velocities inferred from GPS and sequential satellite images. Annals of Glaciology 27: 54-60. Other citations. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Dec. 21, 1991 to Feb. 1, 1994. Sample Points: 15. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 157.92754614933 -75.827222020433 166.317216346986 -73.9461490291853 velmap_vega_1998_2000 Scambos, T., B. Raup, and J. Bohlander. Compilers. 2001. VELMAP: Antarctic ice velocity data. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/velmap/. Accessed 11 February 2009; Skvarca, P., W. Rack and H. Rott. 1999. 34 year satellite time series to monitor characteristics, extent and dynamics of Larsen B Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. Annals of Glaciology 29: 255-260. Other citations. Instrument: GPS. Time Period: Feb. 12, 1998 to Feb. 1, 2000. Sample Points: 14. Units: meters per year. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacier Motion Glaciers Ice Motion Ice Sheet Motion Ice Sheets Ice Velocity Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -57.446829 -63.8493992206435 -57.3434456451575 -63.8066399785944 bamber_dem_contours Bamber, J. L. and R. A. Bindschadler. 1997. An improved elevation dataset for climate and ice-sheet modelling: validation with satellite imagery. Annals of Glaciology 25:438-444.; Bamber, J. L. and R. A. Bindschadler. 1997. Antarctic 5-km digital elevation model from ERS-1 altimetry. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0076.html. Accessed 03 July 2008. Background: This data set provides a digital elevation model (DEM) for Antarctica to 81.5 degrees south latitude, at a resolution of 5 km. Approximately twenty million data points were used to generate this data set. Data points were derived from European Remote Sensing Satellite-1 (ERS-1) radar altimetry during the geodetic phase from March 1994 to May 1995. The improved density in coverage and resolution, compared with past satellite altimetry missions, provides better detection of topographic detail such as surface undulations, ice streams, grounding zones, and interstream ridges. This DEM is viewable here as contours of OSU91A elevations (m). Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.595785270862 -69.704096254996 179.120066529709 -57.3152493940204 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0076 bedmap_contours Lythe, M. B., D. G. Vaughan, and the BEDMAP Consortium. 2000. BEDMAP - bed topography of the Antarctic. Cambridge, United Kingdom: British Antarctic Survey. Digital Media. Available at http://www.antarctica.ac.uk//bas_research/data/access/bedmap/. Accessed 28 June 2008. Background: The BEDMAP project was conceived as an attempt to rationalise the coverage of ice thickness measurements over Antarctica, collect the data together and produce a new topographic model of the bed of the Antarctic Ice Sheet, to provide a new basis for all aspects of Antarctic geoscience. Includes the entire area south of 60 degrees south latitude. Resolution: 5 km. Time Period: 1951-1999. Sources: ground-based and airborne surveys, primarily from radar and seismic sounding as well as gravimetric measurements. Elevations are relative to the OSU91A geoid. This DEM is viewable here as contours of OSU91A elevations (m). Antarctica Bedrock Elevation Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.899233666414 -60.1276565240516 178.954675572234 -48.5272639062791 glas_dem_contours DiMarzio, J., A. Brenner, R. Schutz, C. A. Shuman, and H. J. Zwally. 2007. GLAS/ICESat 500 m laser altimetry digital elevation model of Antarctica. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0304.html. Accessed 03 July 2008. Background: This digital elevation model (DEM) of Antarctica is derived from Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS)/Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry profile data and provides new surface elevation grids of the ice sheets and coastal areas, with greater latitudinal extent and fewer slope-related effects than radar altimetry. This DEM is generated from the first seven operational periods (from February 2003 through June 2005) of the GLAS instrument. The grid is provided at 500 m spacing and covers all of Antarctica north of 86 degrees S. Elevations are reported as centimeters above the WGS84 ellipsoid. This DEM is viewable here as a series of contours. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.320571423803 -70.4151511207329 179.298249780648 -58.9793265972849 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0304 ramp_dem_contours Liu, H., K. Jezek, B. Li, and Z. Zhao. 2001. Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project digital elevation model version 2. Boulder, CO, USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Available at http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0082.html. Accessed on 06 June 2008. Background: The high-resolution (200 m) Radarsat Antarctic Mapping Project (RAMP) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) combines topographic data from a variety of sources to provide consistent coverage of all of Antarctica. Version 2 improves upon the original version by incorporating new topographic data, error corrections, extended coverage, and other modifications. The DEM incorporates topographic data from satellite radar altimetry, airborne radar surveys, the recently-updated Antarctic Digital Database (version 2), and large-scale topographic maps from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Australian Antarctic Division. Data were collected between the 1940s and present, with most collected during the 1980s and 1990s. Although the RAMP DEM was created to aid in processing RAMP radar data, it does not utilize any RAMP radar data. This DEM is viewable here as a series of WGS84 elevation (m) contours. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Ice Sheet Elevation Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.855195675677 -70.490534906136 178.806168327315 -56.2578152077112 http://nsidc.org/cgi-bin/get_metadata.pl?id=nsidc-0082 accumulation_arthern_contours Arthern, R. J., D. P. Winebrenner, and D. G. Vaughan. 2006. Antarctic snow accumulation mapped using polarization of 4.3-cm wavelength microwave emission. Journal of Geophysical Research. 111, D06107, doi:10.1029/2004JD005667. Data provided by the British Antarctic Survery, Cambridge, United Kingdom. Available at http://www.antarctica.ac.uk//bas_research/data/online_resources/snow_accumulation/. Accessed 27 October 2006. Background: This map of Antarctic snow accumulation is derived from a compilation of field measurements. Satellite observations from AMSR-E and AVHRR are used to guide the interpolation. Values for locations subject to snow melt may be unreliable. From this map can be obtained a value of 143 +/- 4 mm per year snow water equivalent for the average rate of snow accumulation upon the grounded ice sheet of Antarctica. Resolution: 125 km. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Polar Snow Accumulation Snow Water Equivalent EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.852787712683 -70.4211246534658 178.747418385345 -58.5793102894779 accumulation_monaghan_contours Monaghan, A. J., D. H. Bromwich, and S.-H. Wang. 2006. Recent trends in Antarctic snow accumulation from Polar MM5 simulations. Philisophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 364: 1683-1708. Data provided by the Ohio State University, Byrd Polar Research Center, Polar Meteorology Group, Columbus, Ohio USA. Available at http://polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu/PolarMet/ant_hindcast.html. Accessed 10 August 2008. Background: Polar MM5, a mesoscale atmospheric model optimized for use over polar ice sheets, is employed to simulate Antarctic accumulation in recent decades by subtracting model-simulated precipitation from sublimation. Negative values therefore indicate areas where sublimation is greater than precipitation. Resolution: 60 km. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheets Polar Snow Accumulation Snow Water Equivalent EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.336774764504 -58.5678189969032 179.541150196262 -45.6581044018784 surface_mass_balance_van_de_berg_contours Van de Berg, W. J., M. R. van den Broeke, C. H. Reijmer, and E. van Meijgaard. 2005. Characteristics of the Antarctic surface mass balance, 1958-2002, using a regional atmospheric climate model. Annals of Glaciology 41:97-104. Data provided by Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands. Accessed 10 August 2008. Background: Regional Atmospheric Climate Model version 2 (RACMO2/ANT) simulations with initial and boundary conditions provided by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) 40-year Reanalysis (ERA-40). Resolution: 60 km. Time Period: 1958-2002. RACMO2/ANT is employed to simulate Antarctic specific surface mass balance (SSMB) in recent decades as the sum of modeled solid precipitation, sublimation/deposition, and melt. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Sheet Mass Balance Ice Sheets Polar Snow Accumulation Snow Water Equivalent EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.190806629727 -58.2258106181339 179.688353158547 -45.1051325341129 coastlines_excluding_antarctica Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3): Coastlines. Palisades, NY, USA: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw. 19 January 2007. Background: Coastlines derived from the Gridded Population of the World (GPW) land area grid at 2.5 arc-minute resolution. Permanent ice and all but large lakes have been merged with neighbouring polygons to make a layer more appropriate for cartographic visualization of the data. Does not include Antarctica. Coastlines Global Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.985929933454 -89.5363509668979 178.856376203479 89.6900159385109 antarctica_coastline Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.332574695053 -68.1109610327008 179.438235330196 -52.3100104724043 antarctica_grounding_line Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.332574695053 -68.1109610327008 179.438235330196 -52.3100104724043 antarctica_islands_coastlines Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -178.966964923689 -68.8638845860958 179.806443615543 -57.2080559169996 country_borders_excluding_antarctica Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3): National Boundaries. Palisades, NY, USA: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw. 19 January 2007. Background: National boundaries derived from the Gridded Population of the World (GPW) country-level land area grids at 2.5 arc-minute resolution. Permanent ice and all but large lakes have been merged with neighbouring polygons to make a layer more appropriate for cartographic visualization of the data. Does not include Antarctica. Boundaries Global Political Divisions EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.985929933474 -89.5363509685354 178.856376203432 89.6900161512002 antarctica_country_border Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.332574695053 -68.1109610327008 179.438235330196 -52.3100104724043 antarctica_islands_borders Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2007. Antarctic coastlines and grounding line derived from MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA). Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 24 April 2008. Background: These outlines were hand-digitized from the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) image map produced and distributed by the National Snow and Ice Data Center (NSIDC) at: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0280.html. The coastline includes the ice shelves surrounding Antarctica while the grounding line excludes them. Coastlines for islands surrounding Antarctica are provided separately from the rest of Antarctica's grounding line. Antarctica Coastlines Cryosphere Ice Sheets Polar Shorelines EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -178.966964923689 -68.8638845860958 179.806443615543 -57.2080559169996 country_labels_excluding_antarctica Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN), Columbia University; and Centro Internacional de Agricultura Tropical (CIAT). 2005. Gridded Population of the World Version 3 (GPWv3): National Boundaries. Palisades, NY, USA: Socioeconomic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC), Columbia University. Available at http://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/gpw. 19 January 2007. Background: National boundaries derived from the Gridded Population of the World (GPW) country-level land area grids at 2.5 arc-minute resolution. Permanent ice and all but large lakes have been merged with neighbouring polygons to make a layer more appropriate for cartographic visualization of the data. Does not include Antarctica. Boundaries Global Political Divisions EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.985929933474 -89.5363509685354 178.856376203432 89.6900161512002 southern_ocean_fronts_wfs Orsi, A. and U. Ryan. 2001. Locations of the various fronts in the Southern Ocean. Kingston, Tasmania, Australia: Australian Antarctic Data Centre. Digital media. Available at http://aadc-maps.aad.gov.au/aadc/metadata/metadata_redirect.cfm?md=AMD/AU/southern_ocean_fronts. 28 September 2006. Background: Hydrographic observations were used in this study of the Southern Ocean to improve our knowledge of large-scale aspects of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC). Includes the following five fronts, listed in order from northernmost to southernmost: Subtropical Front (STF), Subtropical Front (STF), Polar Front (PF), Southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current Front (sACCf), and Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) Southern Boundary. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Fronts Oceans Ocean Circulation Ocean Currents Polar Southern Ocean EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.378955092168 -43.2265375008542 179.307767589666 -7.27689220958096 international_date_line National Geographic Society. 1992. National Geographic Atlas of the World, Revised Sixth Edition. Washington, D.C. USA: National Geographic Society. Compiled by J. Maurer. 2007. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital Media. Background: The International Date Line (IDL), also known as just the Date Line, is an imaginary line on the surface of the Earth opposite the Prime Meridian which offsets the date as one travels east or west across it. Roughly along 180 degrees longitude, with diversions to pass around some territories and island groups, it corresponds to the time zone boundary separating +12 and -12 hours GMT (UT1). Crossing the IDL travelling east results in a day or 24 hours being subtracted, and crossing west results in a day being added. Boundaries Date Line International Date Line EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.950633972289 -89.9999999999999 180 45.8388499070575 antarctic_megadunes_wfs Bohlander, J. and T. Scambos. 2005. Outlines of Antarctic megadunes regions. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Background: Unlike snow dunes that are piles of drifted snow, Antarctic megadunes are long, undulating waves in the surface of the ice sheet that are 2 to 4 meters (6.5 to 13 feet) high and 2 to 5 kilometers (1 to 3 miles) apart. They are slightly rounded at their crests and are so subtle that a person on the ground cannot see the pattern. Regions of megadunes on the Antarctic ice sheet have been identified and outlined using satellite remote sensing imagery. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Glacial Landforms/Processes Ice Sheets Megadunes Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.580050381835 -86.6623325444616 179.296793475467 -65.282572631276 geographic_features_sea Maurer, J. compiler. 2007. Geographic features: ice, land, water. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 20 November 2007. Background: This layer labels the locations (a.k.a. a gazetteer) of major bodies of water in the Southern Hemisphere, including oceans, seas, and Drake Passage. Antarctica Gazetteer Hydrosphere Southern Hemisphere Oceans Polar Southern Ocean EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -178.760855362935 -63.21610699424 178.960385387128 -8.13221842712203 geographic_features_ice Maurer, J. compiler. 2007. Geographic features: ice, land, water. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 20 November 2007. Background: This layer labels the locations (a.k.a. a gazetteer) of major ice-related features in the Southern Hemisphere, including glaciers, ice caps, and ice shelves. Antarctica Cryosphere Gazetteer Glaciers Ice Sheets Polar Southern Hemisphere EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -177.908739952651 -71.2296036365151 179.316323301303 -13.827421164921 geographic_features_land Maurer, J. compiler. 2007. Geographic features: ice, land, water. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 20 November 2007. Background: This layer labels the locations (a.k.a. a gazetteer) of major land-related features in the Southern Hemisphere, including mountain ranges and Antarctic regions. Antarctica Cryosphere Gazetteer Land Surface Southern Hemisphere Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.612378035233 -72.4132439081851 177.18900051724 -1.17997689268658 antarctic_research_stations Wikipedia contributors. 2007. List of research stations in Antarctica. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_research_stations_in_Antarctica. Accessed 24 January 2007. Background: A number of governments maintain permanent research stations throughout Antarctica. Many of the stations are staffed around the year. A total of 30 countries (as of October 2006), all signatory to the Antarctic Treaty, operate seasonal (summer) and year-round research stations on the continent and in its surrounding oceans. The population of persons doing and supporting science on the continent and its nearby islands varies from approximately 4,000 persons during the summer season to 1,000 persons during winter. Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Polar Research Stations EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.468046418753 -72.0698168438222 179.020377733661 -58.1210070131035 antarctic_ice_cores Maurer, J. compiler. 2009. Deep ice core locations. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. Accessed 03 May 2009. Background: Labels the locations of several deep ice cores from the Antarctic ice sheet, including: the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C; Siple Dome, West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Dome A; Vostok; WAIS Divide; Byrd; Taylor Dome; Dome Fuji; Dome B; Komsomolskaya; and Talos Dome Ice Core (TALDICE). Antarctica Cryosphere Earth Science Ice Core Records Polar EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 -179.766568766674 -80.2494068256655 179.321558817589 -67.4111457035317 south_poles_wfs Labels the location of various types of South Poles: geographic, geomagnetic, magnetic, pole of cold, and pole of inaccessibility. Citations: McClean, S. 2007. Geomagnetism frequently asked questions. Boulder, Colorado USA: National Geophysical Data Center (NGDC). Available at http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/geomag/faqgeom.shtml. Accessed 24 January 2007; Wikipedia contributors. 2007. Pole of Cold. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pole_of_Cold. Accessed 24 January 2007; Wikipedia contributors. 2007. South Pole. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Available at http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=South_Pole Antarctica Cold Pole Geographic South Pole Geomagnetic Indices Geomagnetism Geomagnetic South Pole Magnetic Field Magnetic South Pole Polar South Pole South Pole of Cold South Pole of Inaccessibility EPSG:3031 text/xml; subtype=gml/3.1.1 0 -89.9230836314227 180 -64.3802688762632 gml:Point gml:LineString gml:Polygon gml:Envelope LessThan GreaterThan LessThanEqualTo GreaterThanEqualTo EqualTo NotEqualTo Like Between