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  <Entry_ID>NSIDC-0436</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Microstructural Location and Composition of Impurities in Polar Ice Cores</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Baker, I. and R. Obbard.</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Microstructural Location and Composition of Impurities in Polar Ice Cores</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2010-02-15</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
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    <Dataset_DOI>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5DF6P5P</Dataset_DOI>
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  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Ian</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Baker</Last_Name>
    <Email>Ian.Baker@Dartmouth.edu</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Dartmouth University</Address>
      <Address>Thayer School of Engineering</Address>
      <Address>8000 Cummings Hall</Address>
      <City>Hanover</City>
      <Province_or_State>NH</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>03755</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
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  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Rachel</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Obbard</Last_Name>
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    <Phone>1 603 646-9613 x</Phone>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Dartmouth University</Address>
      <Address>Thayer School of Engineering</Address>
      <Address>8000 Cummings Hall</Address>
      <City>Hanover</City>
      <Province_or_State>NH</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>03755</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
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    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
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    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
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  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Glaciers/Ice Sheets</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Sheets</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Core Air Bubbles</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ions</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Particulate Matter</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Antarctic Ice Sheet</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Core</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Core Chemistry</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Core Data</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Cores</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Sheet</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Microstructure</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>ION CHROMATOGRAPHS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>PARTICLE DETECTORS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>LABORATORY</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1999-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>2005-12-30</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-80.016667</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-80.016667</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-119.516667</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-119.516667</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>1530 meters</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1530 meters</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>72.583333</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>72.583333</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-38.466667</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-38.466667</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>3203 meters</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>3203 meters</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>72.583333</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>72.583333</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-38.466667</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-38.466667</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Depth>94 meters</Minimum_Depth>
    <Maximum_Depth>2950 meters</Maximum_Depth>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-72.466667</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-72.466667</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>106.8</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>106.8</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>3500 meters</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>3500 meters</Maximum_Altitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-72.466667</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-72.466667</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>106.8</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>106.8</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Depth>248 meters</Minimum_Depth>
    <Maximum_Depth>3416 meters</Maximum_Depth>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>NORTH AMERICA</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>GREENLAND</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Project>
    <Short_Name>GISP2</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Greenland Ice Sheet Project II</Long_Name>
  </Project>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC_AGDC</Originating_Center>
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    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
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      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
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      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
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        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
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        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
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  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_AGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/agdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC AGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>700 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>Microsoft Excel</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Alley, R. B and G. A. Woods, 1996. Impurity influence on normal grain growth in the GISP2 ice core, Greenland. J. Glaciol., 42(141), 255-260.

Baker, I., D. l Iliescu, R. Obbard, H. Chang, B. N. Bostick,and C. P. Daghlian. 2006. Microstructural characterization of ice cores, Annals of Glaciology, vol. 42, p. 441.

Baker, I., R. W. Obbard, D. Iliescu and D. Meese. 2007. Microstructural Characterization of Firn. Hydrological Processes, vol. 21, no. 12, p. 1624.   Baker, I., R. W. Obbard, D. Iliescu and D. Meese. 2006. Microstructural Characterization of Firn. Proceedings of the 46th Eastern Snow Conference, Bibliography: p. 211. 

Buck, C. F., P. A. Mayewski, M. J. Spencer, S. Whitlow, M. S. Twickler, and D. Barrett. 1992. Determination of major ions in snow and ice cores by ion chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A, Volume 594, Issues 1-2, 6 March, Pages 225-228, doi: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80334-Q. 

Cullen, D. C. 2002. The Structure and Chemistry of Polar Glacier Ice. PhD Thesis, Thayer School of Engineering, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH. 

Cullen, D. C. and I. Baker. 2000. Correspondence. The Chemistry of Grain Boundaries in Greenland Ice. J. Glaciology, 46(155), 703-706.

Cullen D. C. and I. Baker. 2001. Observations of Impurities in Ice. Microsc. Res. Tech., 55(3), 198-207.

Gow, A. J., D. A. Meese, R. B. Alley, J. J. Fitzpatrick, S. Anandakrishnan, G. A. Woods and B. C. Elder. 1997. Physical and structural properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core: A review. J. Geophys. Res., 102(C12), 26559-26575.   Iliescu, D. and I. Baker. 2008. Effects of Impurities and their Redistribution during Recrystallization in Ice Crystals, Journal of Glaciology, vol. 54, p. 362. 

Obbard, R., I. Baker and D. Iliescu. 2006. Grain Boundary Grooving in Ice in a Scanning Electron Microscope, Journal of Glaciology, vol. 52, no. 176, p. 169. 

Obbard, R., I. Baker and K. Sieg. 2007. Using Electron Backscatter Diffraction Patterns to Examine Recrystallization in Polar Ice Sheets, Journal of Glaciology, vol. 52, no. 179, p. 546.

Obbard, R. and I. Baker. 2007. The Microstructure of Meteoric Ice from Vostok, Antarctica, Journal of Glaciology, vol. 53, no. 180, p. 41.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set contains measurements of impurities and ions in three polar ice cores: the Vostok 5G ice core and the Byrd ice core from Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) D core. Parameters include sample depth, grain size, ion concentration, and ice core impurity information. Measurements were made using Ion Chromatography (IC), optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). 

Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls)and Microsoft Word (.doc) formats.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/agdc/</URL>
    <Description>Antarctic Glaciological Data Center</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2010-02-15</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2013-03-20</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> Added DOI</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
