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<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>NSIDC-0435</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Methane Isotopes from the WAIS Divide Ice Core</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Sowers, Todd</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Methane Isotopes from the WAIS Divide Ice Core</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2009-12-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0435.html</Online_Resource>
    <Dataset_DOI>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5J67DW0</Dataset_DOI>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Todd</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>A.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Sowers</Last_Name>
    <Email>tas11@psu.edu</Email>
    <Phone>1 814 865-1921 </Phone>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Penn State University</Address>
      <Address>Earth and Environment Science Institute</Address>
      <Address>317b Earth and Engineering Science Building</Address>
      <City>University Park</City>
      <Province_or_State>PA</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>16802</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Glaciers/Ice Sheets</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Sheets</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Snow/Ice Chemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Isotopes</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Paleoclimate</Topic>
    <Term>Ice Core Records</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Methane</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Snow/Ice Chemistry</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Firn Air Isotopes</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Sheet</Keyword>
  <Keyword>West Antarctic Ice Sheet</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>MASS SPECTROMETERS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>SPECTROMETERS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>FIELD INVESTIGATION</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>FIELD SURVEYS</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>LABORATORY</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>2008-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>2008-12-30</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
    <Paleo_Start_Date>1000 ybp</Paleo_Start_Date>
    <Paleo_Stop_Date>present</Paleo_Stop_Date>
    <Chronostratigraphic_Unit>
      <Eon>Phanerozoic</Eon>
      <Era>Cenozoic</Era>
      <Period>Cenozoic</Period>
    </Chronostratigraphic_Unit>
  </Paleo_Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-79.47</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-79.47</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>112.09</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>112.09</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Altitude>1766 meters</Minimum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Altitude>1766 meters</Maximum_Altitude>
    <Maximum_Depth>300 meters</Maximum_Depth>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Data_Resolution>
    <Vertical_Resolution>0.1 meters</Vertical_Resolution>
    <Temporal_Resolution>5 years</Temporal_Resolution>
  </Data_Resolution>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC_AGDC</Originating_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_AGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/agdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC AGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>32 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>Microsoft Excel</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Mischler, J. A., T. A. Sowers, R. B. Alley, M. Battle, J. R. McConnell, L. Mitchell, T. Popp, E. Sofen, and M. K. Spencer. 2009. Carbon and hydrogen isotopic composition of methane over the last 1000 years, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 23, GB4024, doi:10.1029/2009GB003460.

Sowers, T. 2006.  Late Quaternary atmospheric CH4 isotope record suggests marine clathrates are stable. Science 311: 838-841.

Sowers, T., S. Bernard, O. Aballain, J. Chappellaz, J.-M. Barnola and T. Marik. 2005. Records of the d13C of atmospheric CH4 over the last two centuries as recorded in Antarctic snow and ice. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 19(GB2002).

Sowers, T. A. 2009. Atmospheric methane isotope records covering the Holocene period. Quaternary Science Reviews doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.05.023.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set includes methane (CH4) isotope data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, WDC05A, in Antarctica. The data include depth, gas age, and the isotopic composition of methane (&amp;#8706;13C and &amp;#8706;D of CH4). The ice core was collected during the 2005-2006 Antarctic field season. The CH4 isotope data was generated in 2008 using wet extraction methodology. Samples span the last 1,000 years, at a resolution of about 15 years. Data for samples above 69 meters were from firn air, and data below 69 meters from ice. The dating of the ice was based on continuous chemical analyses above 69 meters and Electrical Conductivity/Dielectric Property (ECM/DEP) measurements from ice. Dating uncertainty is estimated to be better than five years.

Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) tab delimited format</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/agdc/</URL>
    <Description>View Project Home Page</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2009-12-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2013-03-20</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> Added DOI</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
