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  <Entry_ID>NSIDC-0292</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Subglacial Topography: Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>John W. Holt</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Subglacial Topography: Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2006-10-25</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0292.html</Online_Resource>
    <Dataset_DOI>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N59W0CDC</Dataset_DOI>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>John</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>W.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Holt</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Texas at Austin</Address>
      <Address>Institute for Geophysics</Address>
      <Address>4412 Spicewood Springs Rd. #600</Address>
      <City>Austin</City>
      <Province_or_State>TX</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code> 78759-850</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Donald</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>D.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Blankenship</Last_Name>
    <Email>blank@ig.utexas.edu</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Texas at Austin</Address>
      <Address>Institute for Geophysics</Address>
      <Address>4412 Spicewood Springs Rd. #600</Address>
      <City>Austin</City>
      <Province_or_State>TX</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>78759-8500</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>David</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>L.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Morse</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Texas at Austin</Address>
      <Address>Institute for Geophysics</Address>
      <City>Austin</City>
      <Province_or_State>TX</Province_or_State>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>David</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>G.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Vaughan</Last_Name>
    <Email>dgv@bas.ac.uk</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>British Antarctic Survey</Address>
      <Address>High Cross, Madingley Road</Address>
      <Address>CAMBRIDGE</Address>
      <Address>CB3 0ET</Address>
      <Address>United Kingdom</Address>
      <City>Cambridge</City>
      <Country>United Kingdom</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Hugh</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>F. J.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Corr</Last_Name>
    <Email>hfjc@bas.ac.uk</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>British Antarctic Survey</Address>
      <Address>High Cross
</Address>
      <Address>Madingley Road
</Address>
      <Address>Cambridge
</Address>
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      <Address>United Kingdom</Address>
      <City>Cambridge</City>
      <Country>United Kingdom</Country>
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  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Duncan</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>A.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Young</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Texas at Austin</Address>
      <Address>Jackson School of Geosciences, Institute for Geophysics</Address>
      <Address>J.J. Pickle Research Campus</Address>
      <Address>Bldg. 196</Address>
      <Address>10100 Burnet Road (R2200)</Address>
      <Address>Austin, TX 78758-4445</Address>
      <City>Austin</City>
      <Province_or_State>Texas</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>78758-4445</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Glaciers/Ice Sheets</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Depth/Thickness</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Topography</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Terrain Elevation</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Oceans</Topic>
    <Term>Bathymetry/Seafloor Topography</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Seafloor Topography</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Glaciers/Ice Sheets</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Glacier Topography/Ice Sheet Topography</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Depth/Thickness</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Geoscientific Information</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>AGDC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Airborne geophysical survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica (AGASEA)</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Amundsen Basin</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Amundsen Sea Embayment</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Antarctica</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Sheet Elevation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Pine Island Glacier</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Subglacial Topography</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Thwaites Glacier</Keyword>
  <Keyword>WAIS</Keyword>
  <Keyword>West Antarctica</Keyword>
  <Keyword>West Antarctic Ice Sheet</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>GPS</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Global Positioning System</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>RADAR</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Radio Detection and Ranging</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>RADAR ECHO SOUNDERS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>AIRCRAFT</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>2004-11-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>2005-03-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-81.7</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-71.7</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-134.9</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>-84.5</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type>
    <Detailed_Location>AMUNDSEN SEA EMBAYMENT</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Data_Resolution>
    <Latitude_Resolution>5 km</Latitude_Resolution>
    <Longitude_Resolution>5 km</Longitude_Resolution>
  </Data_Resolution>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC_AGDC</Originating_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_AGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/agdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC AGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_USADCC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC U.S. Antarctic Data Coordination Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/usadcc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC USADCC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>1.32 MB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>140 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>Binary</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Holt, J. W., D. D. Blankenship, D. L. Morse, D. A. Young, M. E. Peters, S. D. Kempf, et. al. 2006. New boundary conditions for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: subglacial topography of the Thwaites and Smith glacier catchments. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L09502. doi:10.1029/2005GL025561. 

Vaughan, D. G., H. F. J. Corr, F. Ferraccioli, N. Frearson, A. O'Hare, D. Mach, J. Holt, et. al. 2006. New boundary conditions for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet: subglacial topography beneath Pine Island Glacier. Geophysical Research Letters 33, L09501. doi:10.1029/2005GL025588.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set includes 5 km gridded data from the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica (AGASEA) conducted during the 2004-2005 austral summer. Investigators derived maps of the ice sheet surface and subglacial topography, which covers the entire catchments of both the Thwaites Glacier and the Pine Islands Glacier, from airborne survey systems mounted on a Twin Otter aircraft. The surveys had sufficient density to identify critical ice dynamic transitions within the Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE). 

The ASE is the only major drainage to exhibit significant elevation change over the period of available satellite observations. Modeling of the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) deglaciation pinpointed the Pine Island Glacier and the Thwaites Glacier, which comprise a major portion of the ASE, as the most vulnerable features of the WAIS. Present knowledge of the ice thickness and subglacial boundary conditions in the ASE are insufficient to understand its evolution or its sensitivity to climatic change, and it is not yet determined whether these changes are evidence of ongoing deglaciation or simply a fluctuation that does not threaten the equilibrium of the ice sheet. This research will support the efforts of a community of United States and international researchers to assess the present and predict the future behavior of the ice sheet in the ASE. 

These data are available via FTP.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/agasea/</URL>
    <Description>Airborne geophysical survey of the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica (AGASEA)</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://www.ig.utexas.edu/research/projects/agasea/</URL>
    <Description>University of Texas, Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) Web site</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0099.html</URL>
    <Description>Ice Thickness and Surface Elevation, Southeastern Ross Embayment, West Antarctica</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>AMD/US</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2006-10-25</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2013-03-18</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> Added DOI</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
