<pre>Entry_ID: NSIDC-0281
Entry_Title: Atmospheric Nitrate Isotopic Analysis at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, A Twenty-Five Year Record
Group: Data_Set_Citation
   Dataset_Creator: Mark  H. Thiemens
   Dataset_Title: Atmospheric Nitrate Isotopic Analysis at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, A Twenty-Five Year Record
   Dataset_Release_Date: 2006-11-01
   Dataset_Release_Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
   Dataset_Publisher: NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
   Online_Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0281.html
   Dataset DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5TT4NWF
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Investigator
   First_Name: Mark
   Middle_Name: H.
   Last_Name: Thiemens
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: University of California, San Diego
      Address: Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
      Address: 9500 Gilman Dr., MC 0356
      City: La Jolla
      Province_or_State: CA
      Postal_Code: 92093-0356
      Country: USA
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Investigator
   First_Name: Joel
   Last_Name: Savarino
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: Laboratory of Glaciology and Geophysical Environment
      Address: 54 rue Moliere, BP 96
      City: St. Martin d Heres
      Postal_Code: 38402
      Country: France
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Technical Contact
   First_Name: NSIDC
   Last_Name: User Services
   Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
   Phone: 1 303 492-6199 x
   Fax: 1 303  492-2468 x
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
      Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
      Address: University of Colorado
      City: Boulder
      Province_or_State: CO
      Postal_Code: 80309-0449
      Country: USA
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Aerosols
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrate Particles
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Aerosols
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrate Particles
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Aerosols
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrate Particles
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrogen Compounds
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrogen Compounds
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Nitrogen Compounds
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Oxygen Compounds
   Detailed_Variable: Oxygen Isotopes
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Oxygen Compounds
   Detailed_Variable: Oxygen Isotopes
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Atmosphere
   Term: Atmospheric Chemistry
   Variable_Level_1: Oxygen Compounds
   Detailed_Variable: Oxygen Isotopes
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Ammonium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Calcium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Chlorine
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Magnesium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Methanesulphonic Acid (MSA)
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Nitrate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Potassium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sodium
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Terrestrial Hydrosphere
   Term: Snow/Ice
   Variable_Level_1: Snow/Ice Chemistry
   Detailed_Variable: Sulfate
End_Group
ISO_Topic_Category: Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere
Keyword: Admundsen-Scott Station
Keyword: Aerosols
Keyword: AGDC
Keyword: Antarctica
Keyword: Ion Chemistry
Keyword: Nitrate
Keyword: Oxygen Isotopes
Keyword: Polar
Keyword: Snow
Keyword: Snow Pit
Keyword: South Pole
Sensor_Name: MASS SPECTROMETERS
Source_Name: GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
Source_Name: GROUND STATIONS
Group: Temporal_Coverage
   Start_Date: 2003-12-01
   Stop_Date: 2004-12-31
End_Group
Group: Paleo_Temporal_Coverage
   Paleo_Start_Date: 1979
   Paleo_Stop_Date: 2004
End_Group
Data_Set_Progress: complete
Group: Spatial_Coverage
   Southernmost_Latitude: -89.9975
   Northernmost_Latitude: -89.9975
   Westernmost_Longitude: 139.2728
   Easternmost_Longitude: 139.2728
   Maximum_Depth: 6 meters
End_Group
Group: Location
   Location_Category: CONTINENT
   Location_Type: ANTARCTICA
   Detailed_Location: AMUNDSEN-SCOTT STATION
End_Group
Group: Data_Resolution
   Temporal_Resolution: 7 days
End_Group
Group: Data_Resolution
   Temporal_Resolution: 1 mon
End_Group
Group: Data_Resolution
   Vertical_Resolution: 6 meters
   Temporal_Resolution: 25 years
End_Group
Data_Set_Language: English
Originating_Center: NSIDC_AGDC
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC > National Snow and Ice Data Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC_AGDC > NSIDC Antarctic Glaciological Data Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org/agdc/
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC AGDC
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC_USADCC > NSIDC U.S. Antarctic Data Coordination Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org/usadcc/
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC USADCC
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Distribution
   Distribution_Media: FTP
   Distribution_Size: 76.5 KB
   Distribution_Format: Microsoft Excel
End_Group
Group: Reference

   McCabe, J. R., J. Savarino, and M. H. Thiemens. 2005. Isotopic analysis of 
   nitrate in South Pole snow and air. Eos. Trans. AGU 86(52). Fall Meeting 
   Suppl., Abstract A13F-04.

End_Group
Group: Summary

   This data set contains snow pit measurements of oxygen isotopes, 
   <sup>17</sup>O and <sup>18</sup>O,  in nitrate and ion concentrations, and 
   surface measurements of oxygen isotopes in nitrate and in nitrate aerosols  
   from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. The 6-meter snow pit 
   provides  investigators with a 25-year record of nitrate isotope variations 
   and  ion concentrations for a period spanning from 1979 to 2004. Monthly  
   surface snow and weekly aerosol collections yield a year-long record of  
   nitrate isotopic composition starting 01 December 2003 and ending 31  December 
   2004.

   Little is known about the past denitrification of the stratosphere in high 
   latitude regions. Such knowledge is important to understanding the chemical 
   state of the ancient atmospheres and evaluating the present climate models. 
   With this research, investigators aim to understand the denitrification of the 
   Antarctic stratosphere and quantify the sources of nitrate aerosols over time.

   Data are in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.

End_Group
Group: Related_URL
   Group: URL_Content_Type
      Type: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
   End_Group
   URL: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0086.html
   Description: South Pole Snow Pit, 1988 and 1989
End_Group
Group: Related_URL
   Group: URL_Content_Type
      Type: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
   End_Group
   URL: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0215.html
   Description: Sulfate-Based Volcanic Record from South Pole Ice Core
End_Group
IDN_Node: AMD/US
Metadata_Name: CEOS IDN DIF
Metadata_Version: 9.7
DIF_Creation_Date: 2006-11-01
Last_DIF_Revision_Date: 2013-03-18
DIF_Revision_History:  Added DOI
</pre>