Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS  View Catalog Page Entry ID
NSIDC-0079
Summary
This sea ice concentration data set was derived using measurements from the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) on the Nimbus-7 satellite and from the Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/I) sensors on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program's (DMSP) -F8, -F11, and -F13 satellites. Measurements from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder (SSMIS) aboard DMSP-F17 are also included. The data set has been generated using the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) Bootstrap Algorithm with daily varying tie-points. Daily (every other day prior to July 1987) and monthly data are available for both the north and south polar regions. Data are gridded on the SSM/I polar stereographic grid (25 x 25 km) and provided in two-byte integer format. Data are available via FTP.
Important: The most recent revision (Version 2, released September 2007) has tie-points adjusted to be consistent with the AMSR-E Bootstrap algorithm. This involved a complete reprocessing of the entire SMMR-SSM/I time series. Because Version 2 is inter-calibrated with AMSR-E, it is NOT consistent or compatible with the original version of this data set (Version 1). Users should acquire the entire Version 2 data set in order to update their time series.
Geographic Coverage
Spatial Coordinates:
N: -39°
S: -90°
E: 180°
W: -180°
N: 90°
S: 30°
E: 180°
W: -180°
|
|
Data Set Citation
Dataset Creator: Josefino Comiso
Dataset Title: Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS
Dataset Release Date: 2000-02-01updated 2012
Dataset Release Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
Dataset Publisher: NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
Version: 2
Online Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0079.html
Temporal Coverage
Start Date: 1978-10-26
Data Resolution
Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: 1 mon
Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: 1 day
Latitude Resolution: 25 km
Longitude Resolution: 25 km
Temporal Resolution: 2 days
Location Keywords
- CONTINENT ANTARCTICA
- CONTINENT NORTH AMERICA CANADA HUDSON BAY
- GEOGRAPHIC REGION ARCTIC
- GEOGRAPHIC REGION POLAR
- OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN
- OCEAN ARCTIC OCEAN BARENTS SEA
- OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN DAVIS STRAIGHT
- OCEAN ATLANTIC OCEAN NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN GULF OF ST LAWRENCE
- OCEAN INDIAN OCEAN
- OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN
- OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN BERING SEA
- OCEAN PACIFIC OCEAN NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN SEA OF OKHOTSK
- OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN BELLINGSHAUSEN SEA
- OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN ROSS SEA
- OCEAN SOUTHERN OCEAN WEDDELL SEA
Science Keywords
- Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
- Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
- Cryosphere Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
- Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
- Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
- Oceans Sea Ice Sea Ice Concentration
Ancillary Keywords
- Antarctic
- Arctic
- Bootstrap Algorithm
- BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES
- Defense Meteorological Satellite Program
- DMSP
- NIMBUS-7
- Sea Ice Concentration
- SMMR
- SSM/I
- SSMIS
- Time Series
- Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere
Platform
- DMSP 5D-2/F11 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11
- DMSP 5D-2/F13 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13
- DMSP 5D-2/F8 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8
- DMSP 5D-3/F17 Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17
- NIMBUS-7
Instrument
- SMMR Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer
- SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager
- SSMIS Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder
Project
- EOSDIS Earth Observing System Data Information System
- ESIP Earth Science Information Partners Program
Quality
Although most bad data are easily identifiable and removed with little ambiguity, human judgments must be made and applied consistently to the time series data. While efforts were made to minimize errors in judgment and inconsistencies, the resulting data set is not perfect. Nevertheless, the data provider feels that these maps are suitable for some types of research studies, such as basin-scale trend analysis, model inputs, and some regional studies. They are less useful in evaluating conditions on a specific day in a localized region.
NSIDC staff visually checked the entire set of data files, including file structure, comparisons to existing SMMR- and SSM/I-derived sea ice concentration grids, and information files and examination of data quality. Please note that in this document, a large fraction of the text was supplied by the data set provider. It may include qualitative judgments and statements by the provider and does not necessarily represent endorsements or imply that independent assessments have been performed by NSIDC staff.
Limitations of the Data
Basic limitations arise from the sensor resolution, temporal coverage, and algorithm assumptions and characteristics. Users should review the information provided on fields of view, temporal sampling, and algorithm characteristics. Particular care is needed in interpreting the sea ice concentrations during summer when melt is underway and in regions where new sea ice makes up a substantial part of the sea ice cover. As noted, some residual errors remain due to sensor differences and to weather effects along with mixing of ocean and land area within the sensor field of view.
No data coverage is available for regions poleward of 81° N for SMMR and 87° N for SSM/I due to the inclination of the orbits. SMMR data were acquired every other day, while SSM/I data are acquired daily.
Data Set Progress
in work
Originating Center
NSIDC_DAAC
Data Center
NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org/daac/index.html
Data Center Personnel
Name: NSIDC User Services
Phone: 1 303 492-6199
Fax: 1 303 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
- National Snow and Ice Data Center
- CIRES, 449 UCB
- University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA
National Snow and Ice Data Center
Data Center URL: http://nsidc.org
Data Center Personnel
Name: NSIDC User Services
Phone: 1 303 492-6199
Fax: 1 303 492-2468
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
- National Snow and Ice Data Center
- CIRES, 449 UCB
- University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA
Distribution
Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Size: 205 KB
Distribution Format: Binary
Distribution Media: FTP
Distribution Size: 266 KB
Distribution Format: Binary
Personnel
NSIDC User Services
Role: TECHNICAL CONTACT
Phone: 1 303 492-6199 x
Fax: 1 303 492-2468 x
Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
Contact Address:
- National Snow and Ice Data Center
- CIRES, 449 UCB
- University of Colorado
City: Boulder
Province or State: CO
Postal Code: 80309-0449
Country: USA
Josephino 'Joey' C. Comiso
Role: INVESTIGATOR
Phone: 1 301 614-5708
Email: josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov
Contact Address:
- Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes
- Cryospheric Sciences Branch
- NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center
- Code 614
City: Greenbelt
Province or State: MD
Postal Code: 20771
Country: USA
Related URL
VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE
DMSP SSM/I Daily and Monthly Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations
VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE
Sea Ice Data at NSIDC
VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE
Sea Ice Remote Sensing (GSFC)
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Atlas of the Cryosphere
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily Polar Gridded Brightness Temperatures
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I Passive Microwave Data
VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
Sea Ice Trends and Climatologies from SMMR and SSM/I
Reference
Cho, K., N. Sasaki, H. Shimoda, T. Sakata, and F. Nishio. 1996. Evaluation and Improvement of SSM/I Sea Ice Concentration Algorithms for the Sea of Okhotsk. Journal Remote Sensing of Japan 16(2):47-58.
Comiso, J. C., and F. Nishio. 2008. Trends in the Sea Ice Cover Using Enhanced and Compatible AMSR-E, SSM/I, and SMMR Data. Journal of Geophysical Research 113, C02S07, doi:10.1029/2007JC0043257.
Comiso, J. C., D. Cavalieri, C. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen. 1997. Passive Microwave Algorithms for Sea Ice Concentrations: A Comparison of Two Techniques. Remote Sensing of the Environment 60(3):357-84. Comiso, J. C., and R. Kwok. 1996. The Summer Arctic Sea Ice Cover from Satelli Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 101(C2):28,397-416.
Comiso, J. C. 1995. SSM/I Concentrations Using the Bootstrap Algorithm. NASA Reference Publication 1380. 40 pages.
Comiso, J. C, T. C. Grenfell, M. Lange, A. Lohanick, R. Moore, and P. Wadhams. 1992. Microwave Remote Sensing of the Southern Ocean Ice Cover. Microwave Remote Sensing of Sea Ice, ed. Frank Carsey. Washington D.C.: American Geophysical Union. 243-59.
Comiso, J. C. and C. W. Sullivan. 1986. Satellite Microwave and In-Situ Observations of the Weddell Sea ice Cover and its Marginal Ice Zone. Journal of Geophysical Research 91(C8):9,663-81.
Comiso, J. C. 1984. Characteristics of Winter Sea Ice from Satellite Multispectral Microwave Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 91(C1):975-94.
Comiso, J. C., S. F. Ackley, and A. L. Gordon. 1984. Antarctic Sea Ice Microwave Signature and Their Correlation with In-Situ Ice Observations. Journal of Geophysical Research 89(C1):662-72.
Gloersen P., W. Campbell, D. Cavalieri, J. Comiso, C. Parkinson, H. J. Zwally. 1992. Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive Microwave Observations and Analysis. NASA Special Publication 511.
Maslanik, J. A. 1992. Effects of Weather on the Retrieval of Sea Ice Concentration and Ice Type from Passive Microwave Data. International Journal of Remote Sensing 13(1):37-54.
National Snow and Ice Data Center. 1992. DMSP SSM/I Brightness Temperature and Sea Ice Concentration Grids for the Polar Regions on CD-ROM - User's Guide. NSIDC Special Report - 1. 222 pp.
Parkinson, C. L., D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, H. J. Zwally, and J. C. Comiso, 1999. Arctic Sea Ice Extents, Areas, and Trends, 1978-1996. Journal of Geophysical Research 104(C9), 20,837-20,856.
Parkinson, C. L., J. C. Comiso, H. J. Zwally, D. J. Cavalieri, P. Gloersen, and W. J. Campbell. 1987. Arctic Sea Ice 1973-1976 from Satellite Passive Microwave Observations. NASA Special Publication 489.
Pearson, F. 1990. Map Projections: Theory and Applications. Boca Raton, FL:CRC Press. 372 pages.
Snyder, J. P. 1987. Map Projections - A Working Manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. Washington, D.C.:U.S. Government Printing Office. 383 pages.
Snyder, J. P. 1982. Map Projections used by the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1532.
Zwally, H. J., J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, W. J. Campbell, F. D. Carsey, and P. Gloersen. 1983. Antarctic Sea Ice 1973-1976 from Satellite Passive Microwave Observations. NASA Special Publication 459.
Metadata Name and Version
Metadata Name: CEOS IDN DIF
Metadata Version: 9.7
Creation and Review Dates
DIF Creation Date: 2000-02-01
Last DIF Revision Date: 2012-09-26
|
Home | Contact Us
