<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>GGD314</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Seasonal thawing of palsas in Finnish Lapland</Entry_Title>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Matti</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Seppala</Last_Name>
    <Email>matti.seppala@helsinki.fi</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Helsinki</Address>
      <Address>Department of Geography</Address>
      <Address>Hallituskatu 11</Address>
      <City>Helsinki</City>
      <Postal_Code>SF-00100</Postal_Code>
      <Country>Finland</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>Maria</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Ronkko</Last_Name>
    <Email>maria.ronkko@helsinki.fi</Email>
    <Phone>358  9 191 51060 </Phone>
    <Fax>358   9 191 50 760 </Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Helsinki</Address>
      <Address>Laboratory of Physical Geography</Address>
      <Address>P.O. Box 64</Address>
      <City>Helsinki</City>
      <Postal_Code>00014</Postal_Code>
      <Country>Finland</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Pressure</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Surface Pressure</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Radiation</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Outgoing Longwave Radiation</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Radiation</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Solar Radiation</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Temperature</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Air Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Temperature</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Surface Air Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Water Vapor</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Humidity</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Atmospheric Winds</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Surface Winds</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Soils</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Keyword>Active Layer</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Peat</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Seasonal Freeze/thaw</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Thermal Properties</Keyword>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1972-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>1982-12-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>68</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>70</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>21</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>28</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>EUROPE</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>NORTHERN EUROPE</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>SCANDANAVIA</Location_Subregion2>
    <Location_Subregion3>FINLAND</Location_Subregion3>
    <Detailed_Location>FINNISH LAPLAND</Detailed_Location>
  </Location>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_FGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Frozen Ground Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/fgdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC FGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Reference>Seppala, M. 1983. Seasonal thawing of palsas in Finnish  Lapland. International Permafrost Conference, 4th. Proceedings,  p. 1127-1132.</Reference>
  <Summary>This study investigates the thickness of the active  layer of palsas in northernmost Finland and temporal, local, and  regional differences in the thawing of palsas there.  (Seppala  1983).  Probes of frost depth were made over a 9-year period, a  total of 185 measurements in 17 palsa bogs at sites ranging from  50 - 490 m in altitude. Thermal gradients were also measured ;   weather observations were taken at two sites.</Summary>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2003-05-12</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2005-01-24</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> </DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
