<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"?>
<metadata>
  <idinfo>
    <datsetid>G02200</datsetid>
    <citation>
      <citeinfo>
        <origin>J. Hutchings, C. Geiger, J. Richter-Menge, A. Roberts, M. Doble, R. Forsberg, K. Giles, C. Haas, S. Hendriks, C. Khambhamettu, S. Laxon, T. Martin, M. Pruis, M. Thomas, P. Wadhams, D. Wilkinson, J. Zwally</origin>
        <pubdate>20110519</pubdate>
        <title>SEDNA: Sea ice Experiment - Dynamic Nature of the Arctic</title>
        <pubinfo>
          <pubplace>Fairbanks, Alaska USA</pubplace>
          <publish>IARC: International Arctic Research Center, UAF</publish>
        </pubinfo>
        <onlink>http://nsidc.org/data/g02200.html</onlink>
        <onlink>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5KK98PH</onlink>
      </citeinfo>
    </citation>
    <descript>
      <abstract>The Sea Ice Experiment - Dynamic Nature of the Arctic (SEDNA) is an international collaborative effort to improve the understanding of the interaction between sea ice dynamics and Arctic climate. It was also the first International Polar Year 2007-2008  field project.  

The SEDNA data portal provides access to many and varied data sets from the diverse set of campaign participants.  The data portal holds 37 entries from remote sensing to in situ measurements collected during the ice camp in March and April 2007. This data collection is distributed by the International Arctic Research Center (IARC) at the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF). NSIDC maintains the metadata for this data collection, so the data are easier to find through the NSIDC data catalog and those catalogs with which NSIDC shares metadata. This summary and metadata are accurate as of June 2011.  The UAF archive site may have more recent data updates and publications, please visit their site for the most up-to-date information.

The mass balance of sea ice and the evolution of sea ice thickness distribution is a key component of the Arctic system. It is controlled by thermodynamic ice growth and melt, mechanical redistribution through ridging and rafting, and transport. The SEDNA experiment was designed in a regional Lagrangian frame of reference and tracked the evolution of a region of ice surrounding the Applied Physics Laboratory Ice Station (APLIS) 2007 ice camp in an effort to evaluate the role of mechanical redistribution on ice thickness distribution. The SEDNA data collection is unique in that several ice thickness data sets were inter-calibrated and coordinated with monitoring of the ice pack strain-rate (horizontal deformation) and measurements of internal ice stress. This experiment was designed to improve our understanding of the relationship between sea ice thickness and dynamics and to investigate the stress and strain-rate relationships with a comprehensive suite of spatio-temporal coincident observations.

Measurements were made with the aim of resolving the time evolving ice thickness distribution in the vicinity of the ice camp, to map ice pack deformation (strain-rate), and track strain-rate and internal ice stress in time. This has required a detailed inter-comparison of ice thickness measurements from a number of sources including submarine upward looking sonar (ULS) (Peter Wadhams), AUV multi-beam ULS (Peter Wadhams and Martin Doble), airborne LIDAR (Rene Forsberg), Helicopter borne electromagnetic induction (EMI) (Christian Haas), and in situ snow and ice measurements with drill and EM-31 soil surveyor (Cathy Geiger and Jackie Richter-Menge). Sea ice deformation was mapped in near-real time from analysis of RADARSat-1 ScanSAR-B by the Map of Moving Topography method (Mani Thomas, Chandra Kambhattmettu, and Cathy Geiger), and high temporal sampling was achieved with an array of GPS drifting buoys (Jenny Hutchings). Matt Pruis used GPS buoys to measure deformation of single leads. Ice stress and mass balance were measured with CRREL stress buoys (Jackie Richter-Menge). Additional measurements include a 3-m weather station (Andrew Roberts), CTD profiles every six hours (Jeremy Wilkinson), downward looking Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP), and met-buoys (Ignatius Rigor). 

Data are generally available in three formats: the original format, netCDF, and ASCII. The original version is not always well documented.  The netCDF version includes carefully collected documentation placed in the header fields of the netCDF file. Often, data are also available in a separate ASCII file as columns of data concatenated behind the netCDF header information in plain text form.

SEDNA is supported by the NSF Grant "Collaborative Research: Detailed Investigation of the Dynamic Component of Sea Ice Mass Balance" (OPP ARC 0612527 (UAF), 0611991 (CRREL), and 0612105 (University of Delaware)).</abstract>
      <purpose>scientific research</purpose>
    </descript>
    <timeperd>
      <timeinfo>
        <rngdates>
          <begdate>20070201</begdate>
          <enddate>20070630</enddate>
        </rngdates>
      </timeinfo>
      <current>publication date</current>
    </timeperd>
    <status>
      <progress>Complete</progress>
      <update>Unknown</update>
    </status>
    <spdom>
      <bounding>
        <westbc>-170</westbc>
        <eastbc>-130</eastbc>
        <northbc>76</northbc>
        <southbc>70</southbc>
      </bounding>
    </spdom>
    <keywords>
      <theme>
        <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Mass Balance</themekey>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation</themekey>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness &gt; Distribution</themekey>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Ice Motion</themekey>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Dynamics</themekey>
        <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey/>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Instrument Keywords</themekt>
        <themekey>ADCP &gt; Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler</themekey>
        <themekey>CTD &gt; Conductivity, Temperature, Depth</themekey>
        <themekey>GPR &gt; Ground Penetrating Radar</themekey>
        <themekey>GPS &gt; Global Positioning System</themekey>
        <themekey>ICE STRESS SENSORS</themekey>
        <themekey>LIDAR &gt; Light Detection and Ranging</themekey>
        <themekey>SAR &gt; Synthetic Aperture Radar</themekey>
        <themekey>THERMISTORS</themekey>
        <themekey>UPWARD LOOKING SONAR</themekey>
        <themekey>VISUAL OBSERVATIONS</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Platform Keywords</themekt>
        <themekey>AIRCRAFT</themekey>
        <themekey>AUVS &gt; Autonomous Underwater Vehicles</themekey>
        <themekey>BUOYS</themekey>
        <themekey>HELICOPTER</themekey>
        <themekey>METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS</themekey>
        <themekey>SATELLITES</themekey>
        <themekey>SUBMARINE</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>ISO 19115 Topic Categories</themekt>
        <themekey>climatologyMeteorologyAtmosphere</themekey>
      </theme>
      <theme>
        <themekt>None</themekt>
        <themekey>climate variability</themekey>
        <themekey>Cryosphere</themekey>
        <themekey>DRIFTING STATIONS</themekey>
        <themekey>electromagnetic induction (EMI)</themekey>
        <themekey>Field Camps</themekey>
        <themekey>Ice Deformation</themekey>
        <themekey>ice dynamics</themekey>
        <themekey>Ice Growth</themekey>
        <themekey>Ice Melt</themekey>
        <themekey>Ice Thickness Distribution</themekey>
        <themekey>IN-SITU</themekey>
        <themekey>Ocean Drifting Station</themekey>
        <themekey>Physical Oceanography</themekey>
        <themekey>Sea Ice</themekey>
        <themekey>sea ice camps</themekey>
        <themekey>sea ice mass balance</themekey>
        <themekey>Sea Ice Surface Elevation</themekey>
      </theme>
      <place>
        <placekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Location Keywords</placekt>
        <placekey>Ocean &gt; Arctic Ocean &gt; Beaufort Sea &gt; Perrenial-seasonal ice boundary</placekey>
      </place>
    </keywords>
    <thelayid>
      <numthlay>6</numthlay>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Mass Balance</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Ice Depth/Thickness &gt; Distribution</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Cryosphere &gt; Snow/Ice &gt; Ice Motion</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Sea Ice Dynamics</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
      <layrname>
        <theme>
          <themekt>NASA Global Change Master Directory (GCMD) Science Keywords</themekt>
          <themekey>EARTH SCIENCE &gt; Oceans &gt; Sea Ice &gt; Ice Deformation</themekey>
        </theme>
      </layrname>
    </thelayid>
    <accconst>None</accconst>
    <useconst>No use constraints. The data are freely available to anyone who wants to use it. If data are used in a publication, please cite using the formal data citation.</useconst>
    <ptcontac>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>Bruce Elder</cntper>
          <cntorg>Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing</addrtype>
          <address>72 Lyme Rd.</address>
          <city>Hanover</city>
          <state>NH</state>
          <postal>03755-1290</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>Unknown</cntvoice>
        <cntemail>Bruce.C.Elder@erdc.usace.army.mil</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </ptcontac>
  </idinfo>
  <distinfo>
    <distrib>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntorgp>
          <cntorg>National Snow and Ice Data Center</cntorg>
          <cntper>NSIDC User Services</cntper>
        </cntorgp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing</addrtype>
          <address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</address>
          <address>CIRES, 449 UCB</address>
          <address>University of Colorado</address>
          <city>Boulder</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80309-0449</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1 303 492-6199 </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>1 303  492-2468 </cntfax>
        <cntemail>nsidc@nsidc.org</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </distrib>
    <resdesc>G02200</resdesc>
    <distliab>NSIDC cannot assume liability for any damages caused by any errors or omissions in the data, nor as a result of the failure of the data to function on a particular system. NSIDC makes no warranty, expressed or implied, nor does the fact of distribution constitute such a warranty.</distliab>
  </distinfo>
  <metainfo>
    <metd>20130312</metd>
    <metrd>20130312</metrd>
    <metc>
      <cntinfo>
        <cntperp>
          <cntper>NSIDC User Services</cntper>
          <cntorg>National Snow and Ice Data Center</cntorg>
        </cntperp>
        <cntaddr>
          <addrtype>mailing</addrtype>
          <address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</address>
          <address>CIRES, 449 UCB</address>
          <address>University of Colorado</address>
          <city>Boulder</city>
          <state>CO</state>
          <postal>80309-0449</postal>
          <country>USA</country>
        </cntaddr>
        <cntvoice>1 303 492-6199 </cntvoice>
        <cntfax>1 303  492-2468 </cntfax>
        <cntemail>nsidc@nsidc.org</cntemail>
      </cntinfo>
    </metc>
    <metstdn>FGDC Content Standard for Digital Geospatial Metadata: Extensions for Remote Sensing Metadata</metstdn>
    <metstdv>FGDC-STD-012-2002</metstdv>
  </metainfo>
</metadata>
