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<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>G02164</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Daily Precipitation Sums at Coastal and Island Russian Arctic Stations, 1940-1990</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Radionov, V. F., Y. I. Aleksandrov, P. N. Svyashchennikov, and F. Fetterer. </Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Daily Precipitation Sums at Coastal and Island Russian Arctic Stations, 1940-1990</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2004-12-22</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/g02164.html</Online_Resource>
    <Dataset_DOI>http://dx.doi.org/10.7265/N5JS9NCS</Dataset_DOI>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Vladimir</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>F</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Radionov</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</Address>
      <Address>Department of Meteorology</Address>
      <Address>Department of Meteorology</Address>
      <Address>Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</Address>
      <City>St. Petersburg</City>
      <Country>Russia</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Ye.</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>I.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Aleksandrov</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute</Address>
      <Address>Department of Meteorology</Address>
      <Address>38 Bering Str., 199397</Address>
      <City>St. Petersburg</City>
      <Country>Russia</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>P.</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>N.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Svyashchennikov</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address> MeteorologyArctic and Antarctic Research Institute</Address>
      <Address>Department of Meteorology</Address>
      <Address>38 Bering Str., 199397</Address>
      <City>St. Petersburg</City>
      <Country>Russia</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Florence</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Fetterer</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Atmosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Precipitation</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Precipitation Amount</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>AARI</Keyword>
  <Keyword>coastal precipitation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>island precipitation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>land-sea boundary</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NOAA</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>RAIN GAUGES</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>GROUND STATIONS</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1940-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>1990-12-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>64.41</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>84.78</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>36.76</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>170.16</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>EUROPE</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>EASTERN EUROPE</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>RUSSIA</Location_Subregion2>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Quality>Data digitized from logbooks are subject to transcription errors. These data have been assessed by comparing with data from the Global Daily Climatology Network (GDCN) yet some errors may have gone undetected. 

Measuring arctic precipitation accurately is difficult. Users of these data should first become familiar with error sources inherent in all Arctic precipitation measurements. We strongly suggest consulting Groisman and Rankova (2001) and references contained therein, and the documentation on gridded precipitation fields in Arctic Climatology Project (2000) for an introduction to precipitation measurement issues. Groisman and Rankova (2001) have information on adjusting the raw precipitation measurements in this data set so that pre- and post-1966 values are homogeneous.</Quality>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC</Originating_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_NOAA</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC NOAA</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data for 223 U.S.S.R. Stations Available from the Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). http://cdiac.ornl.gov/. Accessed 7 January 2011.

Arctic Climatology Project. 2000. Environmental Working Group Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas. Edited by F. Fetterer and V. Radionov. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. CD-ROM. http://nsidc.org/data/g01938.html. Accessed 9 December 2004.

National Snow and Ice Data Center. 2003. Meteorological Data from the Russian Arctic, 1961-2000. V. Radionov, compiler. Boulder, CO: National Snow and Ice Data Center. Digital media. http://nsidc.org/data/g02141.html. Accessed 9 December 2004.

Global Daily Climatology Network, V1.0. Available from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center. 

Groisman, P.Y and E.Y. Rankova. 2001. Precipitation trends over the Russian permafrost-free zone: removing the artifacts of pre-processing. International Journal of Climate 21: 657-678.

USSR Monthly Precipitation For 622 Stations 1891-1999, NCDC DSI-3720. Available from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center.  Global Historical Climate Network. Available from the NOAA National Climatic Data Center.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set contains precipitation data originally recorded in log books at 65 coastal and island meteorological stations, and later digitized at the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute (AARI), St. Petersburg, Russia, under the direction of Vladimir Radionov. Records from most stations begin in 1940. Instrumentation was generally a rain gauge with Nipher shield until the early 1950s (for most stations), when the Tretyakov precipitation gauge replaced earlier instrumentation.  Data have not been adjusted for gauge type or wind bias. Observers corrected the data from 1967-1990 for wetting loss as they recorded the station data.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://www.dwd.de/bvbw/appmanager/bvbw/dwdwwwDesktop?_nfpb=true&amp;_windowLabel=T12404818261141645314319&amp;_urlType=action&amp;switchLang=en&amp;_pageLabel=_dwdwww_klima_umwelt_datenzentren_wzn</URL>
    <Description>Global Precipitation Climatology Centre (GPCC)</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/noaa/search/precipitation_station_analysis/index.html</URL>
    <Description>Precipitation Data Set Station Lists and Overlap Analysis</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/g01938.html</URL>
    <Description>Environmental Working Group Arctic Meteorology and Climate Atlas</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/g02141.html</URL>
    <Description>Meteorological Data from the Russian Arctic, 1961-2000</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/g02170.html</URL>
    <Description>Monthly Mean Precipitation Sums at Russian Arctic Stations, 1966-1990</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2004-12-22</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2013-03-07</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> Added DOI</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
