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  <Entry_ID>ARCSS078</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Russian Historical Soil Temperature Data</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Tingjun Zhang, Roger Barry, and David Gilichinsky, compilers</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Russian Historical Soil Temperature Data</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2001-01-01updated 2006</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss078.html</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Tingjun</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>Z</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Zhang</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2359 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology</Address>
      <Address>UCB449</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>Colorado</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>R.</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>G.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Barry</Last_Name>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology</Address>
      <Address>449 UCB</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>David</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Gilichinsky</Last_Name>
    <Email>gilichin@online.stack.net</Email>
    <Phone>7-096-7-732604 </Phone>
    <Fax> 7-096-7-790532 </Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Russian Academy of Sciences</Address>
      <Address>Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science</Address>
      <City>Pushchino</City>
      <Province_or_State>Moscow Region</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>124292</Postal_Code>
      <Country>Russia</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Keyword>ARCSS078</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center</Keyword>
  <Keyword>ATM</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Bent Thermometers</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Electrical Resistance Thermistors</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Extraction Thermometers</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Historical Data</Keyword>
  <Keyword>National Science Foundation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSF</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP9614537</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP-9614537</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP9614557</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP-9614557</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Permafrost</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Russian Hydrometeorological Stations</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Siberia</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Soil Temperatures</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Thermometers</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>THERMISTORS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>THERMOMETERS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>GROUND STATIONS</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1882-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>1990-12-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>45</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>70</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>35</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>140</Easternmost_Longitude>
    <Minimum_Depth>0.02 meters</Minimum_Depth>
    <Maximum_Depth>3.20 meters</Maximum_Depth>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>EUROPE</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>EASTERN EUROPE</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>RUSSIA</Location_Subregion2>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_ARCSS</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/arcss/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC ARCSS</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_FGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Frozen Ground Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/fgdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC FGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>CD-ROM</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>5 MB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Gilichinsky, D.A., R.G. Barry, S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, T. Zhang, S.L. Zudin, and D.G. Fedorov-Davydov. 1998. A century of temperature observations of soil climate: methods of analysis and long-term trends. in Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Permafrost, Yellowknife, Canada, June 22-27, 1998:313-317.

Gilichinsky, D.A., S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, D.G. Fedorov-Davydov, R.G. Barry, T. Zhang, M.K. Gavrilova, and O.I. Alexeeva. 2000. Use of the data of hydrometeorological survey for century history of soil temperature trends in the seasonally frozen and permafrost areas of Russia. The Earth Cryosphere 4(3):59-66.

Zhang T., R.G. Barry, D.A. Gilichinsky, S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, and J. Ye. 2001. An amplified signal of climatic change in soil temperatures during the last century at Irkutsk, Russia. Climatic Change 49(1-2):41-76.

State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 1960-64. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Annual Meteorological Data, Vol. 1-2. Part VII. Soil temperature, fog, thunderstorms, blizzards and hail. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 1964-72. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. The History and Physical-geographical Description of the Meteorological Stations and Posts. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 1970-78. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Annual Meteorological Data, Vol. 1-34. Part VIII. Soil temperatures, 1970-78. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 1966-90. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. The Monthly Meteorological Report, Vol. 1-36, Part II, Numbers 1-13. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 1964-72. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Instructions for Meteorological Stations and Posts. Vol. 3, Part 1. Meteorological Observations at Stations. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set is a collection of monthly and annual average soil temperatures measured at Russian meteorological stations. Data were recovered from many sources and compiled by staff at the University of Colorado, USA, and the Russian Academy of Sciences in Puschino, Russia.

Soil temperatures were measured at depths of 0.02 to 3.2 m using bent stem thermometers, extraction thermometers, and electrical resistance thermistors. Data coverage extends from the 1800s through 1990, but is not continuous. Data are not available for all stations for the entire period of coverage. For example, data collection began at many stations in the 1930s and 1950s, and not all stations continued taking measurements through 1990.

This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of Polar Programs (OPP) awards OPP-9614557, OPP-9907541, and OPP-0229766.  Data are available as ASCII text files via FTP.</Summary>
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    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://adcc.colorado.edu/arcims/website/arcss078/technicalities.html</URL>
    <Description>Interactive online map display</Description>
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  <Related_URL>
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      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss078.html</URL>
    <Description>access to data and documentation</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2001-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2011-08-31</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History>Fixed the data citation.</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
