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<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>NSIDC-0192</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Sea Ice Trends and Climatologies from SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Julienne Stroeve</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Sea Ice Trends and Climatologies from SMMR and SSM/I-SSMIS</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2003-10-24</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0192.html</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Julienne</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Stroeve</Last_Name>
    <Email>stroeve@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>CIRES</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309</Postal_Code>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Walt</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Meier</Last_Name>
    <Email>walt@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>CIRES</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Extent</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Sea Ice Concentration</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Oceans</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Ice Extent</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Oceans</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Sea Ice Concentration</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>Bootstrap Algorithm</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Climatology</Keyword>
  <Keyword>DAAC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>EOSDIS</Keyword>
  <Keyword>GIS</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ice Persistence</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Maps</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Monthly Data</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Multiyear Sea Ice Concentration</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NASA</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NASA Team algorithm</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Ocean Masks</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Polar Stereographic</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Sea Ice Concentration</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Sea Ice Extent</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Total Sea Ice Concentration</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>ESMR</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Electronic Scanning Microwave Radiometer</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>SMMR</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>SSM/I</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Special Sensor Microwave/Imager</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>SSMIS</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F11</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F11</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F13</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F13</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F15</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F15</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>DMSP 5D-2/F8</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F8</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>DMSP 5D-3/F17</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Defense Meteorological Satellite Program-F17</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>NIMBUS-5</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>NIMBUS-7</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1978-10-26</Start_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>in work</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-90</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-39.23</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>30.98</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>NORTH AMERICA</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>CANADA</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>HUDSON BAY</Location_Subregion2>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>BARENTS SEA</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ATLANTIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>NORTH ATLANTIC OCEAN</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>INDIAN OCEAN</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>PACIFIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>PACIFIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>BERING SEA</Location_Subregion2>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>PACIFIC OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>NORTH PACIFIC OCEAN</Location_Subregion1>
    <Location_Subregion2>SEA OF OKHOTSK</Location_Subregion2>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>SOUTHERN OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>BELLINGSHAUSEN SEA</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>SOUTHERN OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>ROSS SEA</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>OCEAN</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>SOUTHERN OCEAN</Location_Type>
    <Location_Subregion1>WEDDELL SEA</Location_Subregion1>
  </Location>
  <Data_Resolution>
    <Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution>
    <Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution>
  </Data_Resolution>
  <Project>
    <Short_Name>EOSDIS</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Earth Observing System Data Information System</Long_Name>
  </Project>
  <Project>
    <Short_Name>ESIP</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Earth Science Information Partners Program</Long_Name>
  </Project>
  <Quality>Please note that these products may not contain the most recent data; therefore, you should use caution, particularly with the ocean masks and sea ice climatologies, which may not be representative of ice cover conditions outside of the time period used to produce the products.</Quality>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC_DAAC</Originating_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_DAAC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/daac/index.html</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>133 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>Binary</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>20 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>PNG</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>509 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>90 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>JPEG</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Comiso J. C. and F. Nishio. 2008. Trends in the Sea Ice Cover Using Enhanced and Compatible AMSR-E, SSM/I, and SMMR Data. Journal of Geophysical Research 113(C02S07), doi:10.1029/2007JC004257.

Cavalieri, D. J., C. L. Parkinson, and K. Y. Vinnikov. 2003. 30-Year Satellite Record Reveals Contrasting Arctic and Antarctic Decadal Sea Ice Variability. Geophysical Research Letters 30(18), doi: 10.1029/2003GL018031.

Comiso, J. C. et al. 1997. Passive Microwave Algorithms for Sea Ice Concentration: A Comparison of Two Techniques. Remote Sensing of the Environment 60(3).

Dedrick, K. R., K. Partington, M. Van Woert, C. A. Bertoia, and D. Benner. 2001. U.S. National/Navy Ice Center Digital Sea Ice Data and Climatology. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 27: 457-475.

Parkinson C. L. and J. C. Comiso. 2008. Antarctic Sea Ice Parameters from AMSR-E Data Using Two Techniques and Comparisons with Sea Ice from SSM/I. Journal of Geophysical Research 113(C02S06), doi:10.1029/2007JC004253.

Ropelewski, C. F. 1983. Spatial and Temporal Variations in Antarctic Sea Ice (1973-82). Journal of Climate and Applied Meteorology 22: 470-473.</Reference>
  <Summary>NSIDC provides a suite of value-added products to aid in investigations of the variability and trends of sea ice cover. These products provide users with information about sea ice extent, total ice-covered area, ice persistence, monthly climatologies of sea ice concentrations, and ocean masks. The maps are in ArcInfo export file format. All other products are in flat binary or ASCII format with accompanying Portable Network Graphics (PNG) browse images. Products are derived from Nimbus-7 SMMR; DMSP-F8, -F11, and -F13 SSM/I; and from DMSP-F17 SSMIS sea ice concentrations at a grid cell size of 25 x 25 km. Data begin in October 1978 and processing is ongoing. Data are available via FTP.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0002.html</URL>
    <Description>DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Daily and Monthly Polar Gridded Sea Ice Concentrations</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/seaice/</URL>
    <Description>Sea Ice Data</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/atlas/</URL>
    <Description>Atlas of the Cryosphere</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0079.html</URL>
    <Description>Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/gis/index.html</URL>
    <Description>GIS Data and Resources at NSIDC</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/nsidc-0051.html</URL>
    <Description>Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2003-10-24</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2012-07-12</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History>corrected dist. format</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
