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  <Entry_ID>GGD650</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Northern Hemisphere Seasonal and Intermittent Frozen Ground Areas 1901-2001</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>T. Zhang, J. Smith</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Northern Hemisphere Seasonal and Intermittent Frozen Ground Areas 1901-2001</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2006-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/ggd650.html</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Tingjun</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>Z</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Zhang</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2359 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology</Address>
      <Address>UCB449</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>Colorado</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Seasonally Frozen Ground</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Seasonally Frozen Ground</Variable_Level_1>
    <Detailed_Variable>Freezing/Thawing Index</Detailed_Variable>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Geoscientific Information</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>intermittently frozen ground</Keyword>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>1901-01-01</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>2002-12-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>0</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Data_Resolution>
    <Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution>
    <Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution>
    <Temporal_Resolution>1 year</Temporal_Resolution>
  </Data_Resolution>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Originating_Center>NSIDC_FGDC</Originating_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
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      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_FGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Frozen Ground Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/fgdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC FGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>20 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Zhang, T., R. G. Barry, K. Knowles, F. Ling, and R. L. Armstrong. 2003. Distribution of seasonally and perennially frozen ground in the Northern Hemisphere. in Phillips, M., S. M. Springman, and L. U. Arenson (editors). 2003. Permafrost: Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, 21-25 July 2003, Zurich, Switzerland. Lisse, The Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. Mitchell T. D. and P. D. Jones. 2005. An improved method of constructing a database of monthly climate observations and associated high-resolution grids. International Journal of Climatology 25, 693-712.</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set contains monthly values of the total exposed land area of seasonally frozen ground and  annual values for intermittently frozen ground in the Northern Hemisphere. Seasonally frozen ground is  defined as the near-surface soil that experiences freeze for more than 15 days per year, while intermittently frozen ground experiences fewer than 15 days of freeze per year. The values were  calculated based upon the monthly mean air temperature from the 1901-2002, 0.5 deg. global land  temperatures from the University of East Anglia Climate Research Unit (Mitchell and Jones, 2005) using  the technique described by Zhang, et al. (2003).

Two ASCII files are available. One file contains monthly values of seasonally frozen ground area in  square kilometers for 1901-2001. The other file contains annual values of intermittently frozen ground  area. Data are available via FTP.</Summary>
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      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/ease/index.html</URL>
    <Description>All About EASE-Grid</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2006-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2012-09-18</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History>deleted dupe URL in Related URL field</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
