Entry_ID: ARCSS078
Entry_Title: Russian Historical Soil Temperature Data
Group: Data_Set_Citation
   Dataset_Creator: Tingjun Zhang, Roger Barry, and David Gilichinsky, compilers
   Dataset_Title: Russian Historical Soil Temperature Data
   Dataset_Release_Date: 2001-01-01updated 2006
   Dataset_Release_Place: Boulder, Colorado USA
   Dataset_Publisher: NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center
   Online_Resource: http://nsidc.org/data/arcss078.html
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Investigator
   First_Name: Tingjun
   Middle_Name: Z
   Last_Name: Zhang
   Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
   Phone: 1 303 492-6199 x
   Fax: 1 303  492-2359 x
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: University of Colorado
      Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology
      Address: UCB449
      City: Boulder
      Province_or_State: Colorado
      Postal_Code: 80309-0449
      Country: USA
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Investigator
   First_Name: R.
   Middle_Name: G.
   Last_Name: Barry
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: University of Colorado
      Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center/World Data Center for Glaciology
      Address: 449 UCB
      City: Boulder
      Province_or_State: CO
      Postal_Code: 80309-0449
      Country: USA
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Investigator
   First_Name: David
   Last_Name: Gilichinsky
   Email: gilichin@online.stack.net
   Phone: 7-096-7-732604 
   Fax:  7-096-7-790532 
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: Russian Academy of Sciences
      Address: Institute of Physicochemical and Biological Problems in Soil Science
      City: Pushchino
      Province_or_State: Moscow Region
      Postal_Code: 124292
      Country: Russia
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Personnel
   Role: Technical Contact
   First_Name: NSIDC
   Last_Name: User Services
   Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
   Phone: 1 303 492-6199 x
   Fax: 1 303  492-2468 x
   Group: Contact_Address
      Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
      Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
      Address: University of Colorado
      City: Boulder
      Province_or_State: CO
      Postal_Code: 80309-0449
      Country: USA
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Cryosphere
   Term: Frozen Ground
   Variable_Level_1: Soil Temperature
End_Group
Group: Parameters
   Category: EARTH SCIENCE
   Topic: Land Surface
   Term: Frozen Ground
   Variable_Level_1: Soil Temperature
End_Group
Keyword: ARCSS078
Keyword: Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center
Keyword: ATM
Keyword: Bent Thermometers
Keyword: Electrical Resistance Thermistors
Keyword: Extraction Thermometers
Keyword: Historical Data
Keyword: National Science Foundation
Keyword: NSF
Keyword: NSIDC
Keyword: OPP9614537
Keyword: OPP-9614537
Keyword: OPP9614557
Keyword: OPP-9614557
Keyword: Permafrost
Keyword: Russian Hydrometeorological Stations
Keyword: Siberia
Keyword: Soil Temperatures
Keyword: Thermometers
Sensor_Name: THERMISTORS
Sensor_Name: THERMOMETERS
Source_Name: GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS
Source_Name: GROUND STATIONS
Group: Temporal_Coverage
   Start_Date: 1882-01-01
   Stop_Date: 1990-12-31
End_Group
Data_Set_Progress: complete
Group: Spatial_Coverage
   Southernmost_Latitude: 45
   Northernmost_Latitude: 70
   Westernmost_Longitude: 35
   Easternmost_Longitude: 140
   Minimum_Depth: 0.02 meters
   Maximum_Depth: 3.20 meters
End_Group
Group: Location
   Location_Category: CONTINENT
   Location_Type: EUROPE
   Location_Subregion1: EASTERN EUROPE
   Location_Subregion2: RUSSIA
End_Group
Group: Location
   Location_Category: GEOGRAPHIC REGION
   Location_Type: ARCTIC
End_Group
Group: Location
   Location_Category: GEOGRAPHIC REGION
   Location_Type: POLAR
End_Group
Data_Set_Language: English
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC > National Snow and Ice Data Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC_ARCSS > NSIDC Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org/arcss/
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC ARCSS
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Data_Center
   Data_Center_Name: NSIDC_FGDC > NSIDC Frozen Ground Data Center
   Data_Center_URL: http://nsidc.org/fgdc/
   Group: Personnel
      Role: Data Center Contact
      First_Name: NSIDC FGDC
      Last_Name: User Services
      Email: nsidc@nsidc.org
      Phone: 1 303 492-6199 
      Fax: 1 303  492-2468 
      Group: Contact_Address
         Address: National Snow and Ice Data Center
         Address: CIRES, 449 UCB
         Address: University of Colorado
         City: Boulder
         Province_or_State: CO
         Postal_Code: 80309-0449
         Country: USA
      End_Group
   End_Group
End_Group
Group: Distribution
   Distribution_Media: CD-ROM
   Distribution_Size: 5 MB
   Distribution_Format: ASCII Text
End_Group
Group: Reference

   Gilichinsky, D.A., R.G. Barry, S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, T. Zhang, 
   S.L. Zudin, and D.G. Fedorov-Davydov. 1998. A century of temperature 
   observations of soil climate: methods of analysis and long-term trends. in 
   Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Permafrost, Yellowknife, 
   Canada, June 22-27, 1998:313-317.

   Gilichinsky, D.A., S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, D.G. Fedorov-Davydov, 
   R.G. Barry, T. Zhang, M.K. Gavrilova, and O.I. Alexeeva. 2000. Use of the data 
   of hydrometeorological survey for century history of soil temperature trends 
   in the seasonally frozen and permafrost areas of Russia. The Earth Cryosphere 
   4(3):59-66.

   Zhang T., R.G. Barry, D.A. Gilichinsky, S.S. Bykhovets, V.A. Sorokovikov, and 
   J. Ye. 2001. An amplified signal of climatic change in soil temperatures 
   during the last century at Irkutsk, Russia. Climatic Change 49(1-2):41-76.

   State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 
   1960-64. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Annual Meteorological Data, 
   Vol. 1-2. Part VII. Soil temperature, fog, thunderstorms, blizzards and hail. 
   Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

   State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 
   1964-72. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. The History and 
   Physical-geographical Description of the Meteorological Stations and Posts. 
   Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

   State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 
   1970-78. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Annual Meteorological Data, 
   Vol. 1-34. Part VIII. Soil temperatures, 1970-78. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

   State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 
   1966-90. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. The Monthly Meteorological 
   Report, Vol. 1-36, Part II, Numbers 1-13. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

   State Committee of the USSR for Hydrometeorology and Environmental Control. 
   1964-72. The Climatological Handbook of the USSR. Instructions for 
   Meteorological Stations and Posts. Vol. 3, Part 1. Meteorological Observations 
   at Stations. Gidrometeoizdat, Leningrad.

End_Group
Group: Summary

   This data set is a collection of monthly and annual average soil temperatures 
   measured at Russian meteorological stations. Data were recovered from many 
   sources and compiled by staff at the University of Colorado, USA, and the 
   Russian Academy of Sciences in Puschino, Russia.

   Soil temperatures were measured at depths of 0.02 to 3.2 m using bent stem 
   thermometers, extraction thermometers, and electrical resistance thermistors. 
   Data coverage extends from the 1800s through 1990, but is not continuous. Data 
   are not available for all stations for the entire period of coverage. For 
   example, data collection began at many stations in the 1930s and 1950s, and 
   not all stations continued taking measurements through 1990.

   This research was supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF) Office of 
   Polar Programs (OPP) awards OPP-9614557, OPP-9907541, and OPP-0229766.  Data 
   are available as ASCII text files via FTP.

End_Group
Group: Related_URL
   Group: URL_Content_Type
      Type: VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE
   End_Group
   URL: http://adcc.colorado.edu/arcims/website/arcss078/technicalities.html
   Description: Interactive online map display
End_Group
Group: Related_URL
   Group: URL_Content_Type
      Type: VIEW RELATED INFORMATION
   End_Group
   URL: http://nsidc.org/data/arcss078.html
   Description: access to data and documentation
End_Group
Metadata_Name: CEOS IDN DIF
Metadata_Version: 9.7
DIF_Creation_Date: 2001-01-01
Last_DIF_Revision_Date: 2011-08-31
DIF_Revision_History: Fixed the data citation.