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  <Entry_ID>ARCSS050</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>Model Output From the 'Frost Index' Permafrost Model: Variations in Circumpolar Frozen Ground Conditions and Modeled Future Conditions</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Frederick E. Nelson, Oleg A. Anisimov, and Nikolay I. Shiklomanov</Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>Model Output From the 'Frost Index' Permafrost Model: Variations in Circumpolar Frozen Ground Conditions and Modeled Future Conditions</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2001-09-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss050.html</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Frederick</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>E. (Fritz)</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Nelson</Last_Name>
    <Email>fnelson@udel.edu</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Delaware</Address>
      <Address>Department of Geography</Address>
      <City>Newark</City>
      <Province_or_State>DE</Province_or_State>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Oleg</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Anisimov</Last_Name>
    <Email>oleg@oa7661.spb.ru</Email>
    <Phone>7 812-323-35-17 </Phone>
    <Fax>7  812-323-10-28 </Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>State Hydrological Institute</Address>
      <Address>V.O., 23</Address>
      <City>St. Petersburg</City>
      <Postal_Code>199053</Postal_Code>
      <Country>Russia</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Nikolay</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>I.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Shiklomanov</Last_Name>
    <Email>shiklom@udel.edu</Email>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>University of Delaware</Address>
      <Address>Department of Geography</Address>
      <Address>University of Delaware</Address>
      <Address>216 Pearson Hall</Address>
      <City>Newark</City>
      <Province_or_State>DE</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>19716</Postal_Code>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Active Layer</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Permafrost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Frost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Permafrost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Active Layer</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Permafrost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Frozen Ground</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Soils</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Permafrost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Land Surface</Topic>
    <Term>Soils</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Soil Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Frost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Terrestrial Hydrosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Snow/Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Permafrost</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>2050</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Active Layer</Keyword>
  <Keyword>active-layer thickness</Keyword>
  <Keyword>ADCC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>ARCSS050</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Arctic</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Circumpolar</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Department of Geography</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Frozen Ground</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Future Model Scenarios</Keyword>
  <Keyword>GCM</Keyword>
  <Keyword>General Circulation Models</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Global Circulation Models</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Hazard Index</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Hazard Potential</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Maps</Keyword>
  <Keyword>National Science Foundation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSF</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP9612647</Keyword>
  <Keyword>OPP-9612647</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Permafrost</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Predictions</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Soil Temperature</Keyword>
  <Keyword>University of Delaware</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>VISUAL OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS</Short_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>2000-11-27</Start_Date>
    <Stop_Date>2050-12-31</Stop_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>complete</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>56</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>83.5</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Project>
    <Short_Name>ARCSS/LAII/FLUX</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Arctic System Science/Land-Atmosphere-Ice Interaction/fluxes</Long_Name>
  </Project>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_ARCSS</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Arctic System Science Data Coordination Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/arcss/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC ARCSS</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_FGDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NSIDC Frozen Ground Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/fgdc/</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC FGDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>710 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>ASCII Text</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>710 KB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>JPEG</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Anisimov, O. A. and Nelson, F. E., 1996: Permafrost distribution in the northern hemisphere under scenarios of climatic change. Global and Planetary Change, 14: 59-72.

Anisimov, O. A. and Nelson, F. E., 1997: Permafrost zonation and climate change: results from transient general circulation models. Climatic Change, 35: 241-258.

Anisimov O.A., and Poljakov V.Yu., 1999:  Forecasting air temperature for the first quarter of the XXI century, Meteorology and Hydrology, 1999/2:. 25-31 (in Russian).

Anisimov, O. A. and Poljakov, V. Yu., 2000: Computerized geocryological information system for studies of climate-permafrost interaction in the Northern Hemisphere.  Published in: Proceedings of the American Geophysical Union, Fall meeting, San Francisco, 8-12 December 2000.  Anisimov, O. A., Shiklomanov, N. I., and Nelson, F. E., 1997: Effects of global warming on permafrost and active-layer thickness: results from transient general circulation models. Global and Planetary Change, 15: 61-77.

Brown, J., Ferrians, O. J. J., Heginbottom, J. A., and Melnikov, E. S., 1997: International Permafrost Association Circum-Arctic Map of Permafrost and Ground Ice Conditions. U.S. Geological Survey, Circum-Pacific Map Series, Map CP-45. Scale 1:10,000,000.

Greco, S., Moss, R. H., Viner, D., Jenne, R., and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, W. G. II., 1994: Climate Scenarios and Socioeconomic Projections for IPCC WG II Assessment. Washington, D.C.: Consortium for International Earth Science Information Network. 12 + maps, appendices, diskettes.

Leemans, R. and Cramer, W., 1991: The IIASA Database for Mean Monthly Values of Temperature, Precipitation, and Cloudiness on a Global Terrestrial Grid. Research Report RR-91-18, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria, 62 pp.

Nelson, F.E., Anisimov, O.A., and Shiklomanov, N.I., 2001: Climate change and hazard zonation in the circum-Arctic permafrost regions.  Natural Hazards, in press.

Nelson, F.E., Anisimov, O.A., and Shiklomanov, N.I., 2001: Subsidence risk from thawing permafrost. Nature 410: 889-890.

Nelson, F. E. and Outcalt, S. I., 1987: A computational method for prediction and regionalization of permafrost. Arctic and Alpine Research, 19: 279-288.

Scripter, M. W., 1970: Nested means map classes for statistical maps.  Annals of the Association of American Geographers 60: 385-393.

Staub, B. and Rosenzweig, C., 1987: Global Gridded Data Sets of Soil Type, Soil Texture, Surface Slope and Other Properties. Boulder, CO: National Center for Atmospheric Research. http://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/seg/eco/cdroms/ged_iia/datasets/a11/sr.htm#top</Reference>
  <Summary>This data set contains permafrost distribution maps, active-layer thickness maps, and hazard-potential maps constructed using results from the 'frost index' permafrost model (Nelson and Outcalt, 1987) driven by modern climatic data and scenarios of climate change derived from three transient general circulation models (Greco et al., 1994). The permafrost maps show the distribution of permafrost in the Northern Hemisphere under modern climatic conditions and General Circulation Model (GCM) projections for 2050; the active-layer thickness maps show relative changes in the depth of seasonal thawing projected for 2050; and the hazard-potential maps are used as indices to evaluate potential environmental hazards associated with thaw settlement and thermokarst.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss050.html</URL>
    <Description>access to data and documentation</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/gis/</URL>
    <Description>GIS Data and Resources at NSIDC</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss096.html</URL>
    <Description>Model Output from MBL-GEM III for a Typical Tussock-Tundra Hill Slope, 1921-2100</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss097.html</URL>
    <Description>Model Output from MBL-GEM III for Typical Tussock Tundra in the Kuparuk River Basin, Alaska, 1921-2100</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW RELATED INFORMATION</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/arcss052.html</URL>
    <Description>Model Output from the Marine Biology Laboratory General Ecosystem Model (MBL-GEM) for Toolik Lake, 1921-2144, and the Kuparuk River Basin, 1995</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>USA/NOAA</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2001-09-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2012-05-24</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History>corrected dist. format and added add'l row for second format</DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
