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<DIF xmlns="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/ http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov/Aboutus/xml/dif/dif_v9.7.1.xsd">
  <Entry_ID>AE_SI25</Entry_ID>
  <Entry_Title>AMSR-E/Aqua Daily L3 25 km Brightness Temperature &amp; Sea Ice Concentration Polar Grids</Entry_Title>
  <Data_Set_Citation>
    <Dataset_Creator>Cavalieri, D. J., T. Markus, and J. C. Comiso. </Dataset_Creator>
    <Dataset_Title>AMSR-E/Aqua Daily L3 25 km Brightness Temperature &amp; Sea Ice Concentration Polar Grids</Dataset_Title>
    <Dataset_Release_Date>2004-01-01</Dataset_Release_Date>
    <Dataset_Release_Place>Boulder, Colorado USA</Dataset_Release_Place>
    <Dataset_Publisher>NSIDC: National Snow and Ice Data Center</Dataset_Publisher>
    <Version>2</Version>
    <Online_Resource>http://nsidc.org/data/ae_si25.html</Online_Resource>
  </Data_Set_Citation>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Donald</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>J.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cavalieri</Last_Name>
    <Email>Donald.J.Cavalieri@nasa.gov</Email>
    <Phone>1 301 614-5901 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 301  614-5644 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</Address>
      <Address>Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes</Address>
      <Address>NASA/GSFC</Address>
      <Address>Mail Code: 615</Address>
      <City>Greenbelt</City>
      <Province_or_State>MD</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>20771</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Donald</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>J.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Cavalieri</Last_Name>
    <Email>Donald.J.Cavalieri@nasa.gov</Email>
    <Phone>1 301 614-5901 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 301  614-5644 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>NASA Goddard Space Flight Center</Address>
      <Address>Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes</Address>
      <Address>NASA/GSFC</Address>
      <Address>Mail Code: 615</Address>
      <City>Greenbelt</City>
      <Province_or_State>MD</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>20771</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Josephino 'Joey'</First_Name>
    <Middle_Name>C.</Middle_Name>
    <Last_Name>Comiso</Last_Name>
    <Email>josefino.c.comiso@nasa.gov</Email>
    <Phone>1 301 614-5708 </Phone>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Laboratory for Hydrospheric Processes</Address>
      <Address>Cryospheric Sciences Branch</Address>
      <Address>NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center</Address>
      <Address>Code 614</Address>
      <City>Greenbelt</City>
      <Province_or_State>MD</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>20771</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Investigator</Role>
    <First_Name>Thorsten</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>Markus</Last_Name>
    <Email>thorsten.markus@nasa.gov</Email>
    <Phone>1 301 614-5882 </Phone>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>Goddard Space Flight Center</Address>
      <Address>NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center</Address>
      <Address>Instrumentation Sciences Branch</Address>
      <Address>Code 614.6</Address>
      <City>Greenbelt</City>
      <Province_or_State>MD</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>20771</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Personnel>
    <Role>Technical Contact</Role>
    <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
    <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
    <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
    <Phone>1 303 492-6199 x</Phone>
    <Fax>1 303  492-2468 x</Fax>
    <Contact_Address>
      <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
      <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
      <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
      <City>Boulder</City>
      <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
      <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
      <Country>USA</Country>
    </Contact_Address>
  </Personnel>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Cryosphere</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Sea Ice Concentration</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Oceans</Topic>
    <Term>Sea Ice</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Sea Ice Concentration</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Spectral/Engineering</Topic>
    <Term>Microwave</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Brightness Temperature</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <Parameters>
    <Category>EARTH SCIENCE</Category>
    <Topic>Spectral/Engineering</Topic>
    <Term>Microwave</Term>
    <Variable_Level_1>Microwave Imagery</Variable_Level_1>
  </Parameters>
  <ISO_Topic_Category>Climatology/Meteorology/Atmosphere</ISO_Topic_Category>
  <Keyword>AE_SI25</Keyword>
  <Keyword>AMSR-E</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Antarctic Sea Ice</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Aqua</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Arctic Sea Ice</Keyword>
  <Keyword>BRIGHTNESS TEMPERATURES</Keyword>
  <Keyword>DAAC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>EOSDIS</Keyword>
  <Keyword>EOS PM-1</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Imagery</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Leads</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Modified Bootstrap Algorithm</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Modified NASA Team Algorithm</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NASA</Keyword>
  <Keyword>NSIDC</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Passive Microwave Radiation</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Passive Microwave Sea Ice Data</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Polar Sea Ice</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Polynyas</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Radiance</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Remote Sensing</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Sea Ice Concentrations</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Sea Ice Extents</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Sea Ice Variability</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Southern Ocean</Keyword>
  <Keyword>Tbs</Keyword>
  <Sensor_Name>
    <Short_Name>AMSR-E</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS</Long_Name>
  </Sensor_Name>
  <Source_Name>
    <Short_Name>AQUA</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Earth Observing System, AQUA</Long_Name>
  </Source_Name>
  <Temporal_Coverage>
    <Start_Date>2002-06-19</Start_Date>
  </Temporal_Coverage>
  <Data_Set_Progress>in work</Data_Set_Progress>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>-90</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>-39.23</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Spatial_Coverage>
    <Southernmost_Latitude>30.98</Southernmost_Latitude>
    <Northernmost_Latitude>90</Northernmost_Latitude>
    <Westernmost_Longitude>-180</Westernmost_Longitude>
    <Easternmost_Longitude>180</Easternmost_Longitude>
  </Spatial_Coverage>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>CONTINENT</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ANTARCTICA</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>ARCTIC</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Location>
    <Location_Category>GEOGRAPHIC REGION</Location_Category>
    <Location_Type>POLAR</Location_Type>
  </Location>
  <Data_Resolution>
    <Latitude_Resolution>25 km</Latitude_Resolution>
    <Longitude_Resolution>25 km</Longitude_Resolution>
    <Temporal_Resolution>1 day</Temporal_Resolution>
  </Data_Resolution>
  <Project>
    <Short_Name>EOS</Short_Name>
    <Long_Name>Earth Observing System</Long_Name>
  </Project>
  <Quality>Weather filters are employed for the Level-3 sea ice products to eliminate spurious sea ice concentrations over open ocean resulting from varying atmospheric emission. The weather filters are based on threshold values for the spectral gradient radio and thresholds derived from TB differences. Sea ice products are checked to see if ice concentration values fall within reasonable limits. Diagnostics are based in part on satellite sea ice climatology developed since the Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer (SMMR) era in 1978.</Quality>
  <Data_Set_Language>English</Data_Set_Language>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC_DAAC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org/daac/index.html</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Data_Center>
    <Data_Center_Name>
      <Short_Name>NSIDC</Short_Name>
      <Long_Name>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Long_Name>
    </Data_Center_Name>
    <Data_Center_URL>http://nsidc.org</Data_Center_URL>
    <Personnel>
      <Role>Data Center Contact</Role>
      <First_Name>NSIDC</First_Name>
      <Last_Name>User Services</Last_Name>
      <Email>nsidc@nsidc.org</Email>
      <Phone>1 303 492-6199 </Phone>
      <Fax>1 303  492-2468 </Fax>
      <Contact_Address>
        <Address>National Snow and Ice Data Center</Address>
        <Address>CIRES, 449 UCB</Address>
        <Address>University of Colorado</Address>
        <City>Boulder</City>
        <Province_or_State>CO</Province_or_State>
        <Postal_Code>80309-0449</Postal_Code>
        <Country>USA</Country>
      </Contact_Address>
    </Personnel>
  </Data_Center>
  <Distribution>
    <Distribution_Media>FTP</Distribution_Media>
    <Distribution_Size>20 MB</Distribution_Size>
    <Distribution_Format>HDF-EOS</Distribution_Format>
  </Distribution>
  <Reference>Cavalieri, D. and J. Comiso. 2000. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document for the AMSR-E Sea Ice Algorithm, Revised December 1. Landover, MD, USA: Goddard Space Flight Center. 

Cavalieri, D.J., K.M. St. Germain, and C.T. Swift. 1995. Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration with the DMSP SSM/I. Journal of Glaciology 41(139): 455-464.

Cavalieri, D.J., P. Gloersen, and W.J. Campbell. 1984. Determination of sea ice parameters with the NIMBUS-7 SMMR. Journal of Geophysical Research 89(D4):5355-5369.

Comiso, J., D. Cavalieri, and T. Markus. 2003. Sea ice concentration, ice temperature, and snow depth using AMSR-E data. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 41(2): 243-252.

Comiso, J., and K. Steffen. 2001. Studies of Antarctic sea ice concentrations from satellite data and their applications. Journal of Geophysical Research 106(C12): 31,361-31,385.

Comiso, J. C., D. J. Cavalieri, C. L. Parkinson, and P. Gloersen. 1997. Passive Microwave Algorithms for Sea Ice Concentration - A Comparison of Two Techniques. Remote Sensing of the Environment 60: 357-384.

Comiso, J.C. 1995. SSM/I ice concentrations using the Bootstrap Algorithm. NASA RP 1380, 50 pp.

Conway, D. 2002. Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - EOS Quality Assurance Plan. Huntsville, AL: Global Hydrology and Climate Center.

Eppler, D. T. and 14 others. 1992. Passive Microwave Signatures of Sea Ice, in Microwave Remote Sensing of Ice. Geophysical Monograph Series 68: 47-71. AGU, Washington, D.C.

Fraser R. S., Gaut, N. E., Reifenstein, E. C., and H. Sievering. 1975. Interaction Mechanisms Within the Atmosphere Including the Manual of Remote Sensing. American Society of Photogrammetry 181-233. Falls Church, VA.

Gloersen P. and D.J. Cavalieri. 1986. Reduction of weather effects in the calculation of sea ice concentration from microwave radiances. Journal of Geophysical Research 91(C3):3913-3919.

Gloersen P, W. J. Cambell, D. J. Cavalieri, J. C. Comiso, C. L. Parkinson, and H. J. Zwally. 1992. Arctic and Antarctic Sea Ice, 1978-1987: Satellite Passive Microwave Observations and Analysis. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Special Publication 511, Washington, D.C., pp.290.

Kummerow, C. 1993. On the accuracy of the Eddington approximation for radiative transfer in the microwave frequencies. Journal of Geophysical Research 98: 2757-2765. Lubin, D., C. Garrity, R. O. Ramseier, and R. H. Whritner. 1997. Total Sea Ice Concentration Retrieval from the SSM/I 85.5 GHz Channels During the Arctic Summer, Rem. Sens. Environ 62: 63-76.

Markus, Thorsten and Donald J. Cavalieri. 2008. Supplement AMSR-E Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document: Sea Ice Products. Greenbelt, MD, USA: Goddard Space Flight Center. (view pdf)

Markus, Thorsten and Donald J. Cavalieri. 1998. Snow depth distribution over sea ice in the Southern Ocean from satellite passive microwave data. Antarctic Sea Ice: Physical Processes, Interactions, and Variability. Antarctic Research Series 74:19-39. Washington, DC, USA: American Geophysical Union.

Markus, Thorsten and Donald J. Cavalieri. 2000. An enhancement of the NASA Team sea ice algorithm. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 38: 1387-1398.

Matzler, C., R. O. Ramseier, and E. Svendsen. 1984. Polarization Effects in Sea-ice Signatures. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 9: 333-338.

Pearson, F. 1990. Map projections: Theory and applications. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida. 372 pages.

Snyder, J.P. 1987. Map projections - a working manual. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1395. U.S. Government Printing Office. Washington, D.C. 383 pages.

Snyder, J. P. 1982. Map Projections Used by the U.S. Geological Survey. U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1532.


For more information regarding related publications, see the Research Using AMSR-E Data Web page.</Reference>
  <Summary>The Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer - Earth Observing System (AMSR-E) instrument on the NASA Earth Observing System (EOS) Aqua satellite provides global passive microwave measurements of land, ocean, and atmospheric variables for the investigation of water and energy cycles.

This Level-3 gridded product (AE_SI25) includes brightness temperatures at 6.9 through 89.0 GHz and sea ice concentrations. Data are mapped to a polar stereographic grid at 25 km spatial resolution. All variables include daily ascending averages, daily descending averages, and daily averages. Data are stored in HDF-EOS format and are available from 19 June 2002 to present via FTP.</Summary>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/amsre/</URL>
    <Description>AMSR-E Data at NSIDC</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/amsre/index.html</URL>
    <Description>AMSR-E Web site at NSIDC</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://wwwghcc.msfc.nasa.gov/AMSR/</URL>
    <Description>NASA AMSR-E Web site</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <Related_URL>
    <URL_Content_Type>
      <Type>VIEW PROJECT HOME PAGE</Type>
    </URL_Content_Type>
    <URL>http://nsidc.org/data/seaice</URL>
    <Description>Sea Ice Products at NSIDC</Description>
  </Related_URL>
  <IDN_Node>
    <Short_Name>ARCTIC, Amd, ceos</Short_Name>
  </IDN_Node>
  <Metadata_Name>CEOS IDN DIF</Metadata_Name>
  <Metadata_Version>9.7</Metadata_Version>
  <DIF_Creation_Date>2004-01-01</DIF_Creation_Date>
  <Last_DIF_Revision_Date>2013-01-22</Last_DIF_Revision_Date>
  <DIF_Revision_History> Author citation clean-up due to EDB migration. </DIF_Revision_History>
</DIF>
